Commento su Qiddushin 2:3
עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי כֹהֵן, וְנִמְצָא לֵוִי. לֵוִי, וְנִמְצָא כֹהֵן. נָתִין, וְנִמְצָא מַמְזֵר. מַמְזֵר, וְנִמְצָא נָתִין. בֶּן עִיר, וְנִמְצָא בֶן כְּרַךְ. בֶּן כְּרַךְ, וְנִמְצָא בֶן עִיר. עַל מְנָת שֶׁבֵּיתִי קָרוֹב לַמֶּרְחָץ, וְנִמְצָא רָחוֹק. רָחוֹק, וְנִמְצָא קָרוֹב. עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לִי בַת אוֹ שִׁפְחָה גַדֶּלֶת, וְאֵין לוֹ. אוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין לִי, וְיֶשׁ לוֹ. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין לִי בָנִים, וְיֶשׁ לוֹ. אוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֶּשׁ לִי, וְאֵין לוֹ. וּבְכֻלָּם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרָה, בְּלִבִּי הָיָה לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן, אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. וְכֵן הִיא שֶׁהִטְעַתּוּ:
(Se dicesse: "Sii fidanzato con me) a condizione che io sia un Cohein", e si scoprì che era un levita; che sono un levita, e si è scoperto che era un Cohein; che sono un Nathin, e si è scoperto che era un mamzer; che sono un mamzer, e si è scoperto che era un Nathin; che sono un abitante della città, e si è scoperto che era un abitante del villaggio; che sono un abitante del villaggio e che è stato trovato per essere un abitante della città; a condizione che la mia casa sia vicino allo stabilimento balneare e che sia stata trovata lontana; che è lontano, e si è scoperto che era vicino; a condizione che io abbia una figlia o una schiava "allargante" [cioè una che intreccia i capelli delle donne. Un'altra interpretazione: uno che è molto loquace, come in (Ezechiele 35:13): "E tu mi hai 'allargato' su di me con la bocca"], e non ne ha una; a condizione che io non ne abbia uno e ne abbia uno; a condizione che io non abbia figli e lui abbia; che ho, e lui non ha—in tutti questi casi, anche se ha detto: "Nel mio cuore intendevo essere fidanzato con lui in ogni caso", non è promessa sposa. [Per "le cose del cuore non sono cose"]. E lo stesso vale se lo ha ingannato.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
“a townsman,” and he is found to be a villager, or “a villager” and he is found to be a townsman;
“on condition that my house is near the bathhouse,” and it is found to be far, or “far” and it is found to be near;
“on condition that I have a daughter or maidservant that braids hair” and he does not have, “or on condition that I do not have”, and he has;
“on condition that I have no sons”, and he has, or “on condition that I have sons, and he does not have
--in all these cases, even if she declares, “In my heart I would have agreed to be betrothed to him in any case,” she is not betrothed.
Similarly if she deceives him.
This mishnah continues to teach that deception in matters of betrothal renders the betrothal invalid.
Sections 1-5: As was the case in the previous mishnah, in all of these cases the man makes a false statement when betrothing the woman. What is different in today’s mishnah is that in these cases it is not clear which is “better.” For instance, yesterday it was clear that having a gold denar was better than a silver one. However, here it is not clear whether the woman would rather be married to, for example a townsman, more than she would want to be married to a villager. Even living near the bathhouse is not clearly an advantage, as the foot traffic there will be greater. Since we cannot affirm which is necessarily better, in these cases Rabbi Shimon would agree that she is not betrothed.
Section one: In the context of the mishnah, we have to understand that marrying a priest is not necessarily advantage. Even though the priest receives terumah which would have been a substantial economic benefit, the woman may potentially prefer to be married to a Levite who receives tithes.
Section four: “Braids hair” might also be translated as “grown up.” While this would change the meaning of the mishnah, in either case we have to interpret that it is not a clear advantage to either have or not have a daughter or maidservant that braids hair or is grown up. Whether it is a benefit would depend if the woman prefers having some extra help over her privacy.
Section five: Having or not having sons may be connected to issues of inheritance or yibbum (levirate marriage). She may want him to have sons (or children in general), so that if he dies she won’t have to undergo yibbum. She may not want him to have sons since those sons will share with her own sons in his inheritance. Again, since we cannot affirm which is preferable, Rabbi Shimon would agree that she is not betrothed.
Section six: There is a general rule in laws of betrothal and other areas of halakhah thoughts that a person keeps to himself or herself are not legally consequential. Therefore, even if she thinks to herself that she would have agreed to be betrothed to him in any case, she is not betrothed. Had she wanted to be betrothed in any case, she should have responded at the time of betrothal, “I agree to be betrothed to you whether you are a priest or a Levite” etc.
Section seven: All of the above rules also apply if she deceives him. For instance, if she says “I am a priest’s daughter” and she is a Levite’s daughter, she is not betrothed.