Commento su Kelim 24:1
שְׁלֹשָׁה תְרִיסִין הֵם. תְּרִיס הַכָּפוּף, טָמֵא מִדְרָס. וְשֶׁמְּשַׂחֲקִין בּוֹ בַּקֻּנְפּוֹן, טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. וְדִיצַת הָעַרְבִיִּין, טְהוֹרָה מִכְּלוּם:
Esistono tre tipi di scudi [per quanto riguarda lo stato di purezza]: uno scudo arrotondato è suscettibile all'impurità dei midra [un tipo di impurità dovuta al fatto di essere seduto su alcuni tipi di individui impuri, che rende qualcosa un'origine di impurità]; e uno che è messo in mostra nell'arena è suscettibile di impurità di cadavere; e lo scudo giocattolo arabo è puro da tutti i [tipi di impurità].
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שלשה תריסין הן – there are three laws divided/disputed from each other regarding shields, which are protecting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Every mishnah in Chapter Twenty-Four of Kelim has the format of "there are three different types of X." The differences between the different types of X (in our case shields) means that there are differences as to their susceptibility to impurity. All of the mishnayot have the same structure. The first item is susceptible to midras uncleanness because it can be used as a seat. The second item is not used for sitting but it is a vessel so it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness. The third item is completely pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
תריס הכפוף (bent shield) – which is found with us, that surround a person from three directions.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
There are three different types of shields:
A bent shield is susceptible to midras uncleanness; A bent shield can be used to lie upon and therefore it is susceptible even to midras uncleanness. All the more so it is susceptible to other types of uncleanness.
A bent shield is susceptible to midras uncleanness; A bent shield can be used to lie upon and therefore it is susceptible even to midras uncleanness. All the more so it is susceptible to other types of uncleanness.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טמא מדרס – that is made for lying, that we lie upon it during war, and all the more so, that it defiles through that which is impure through contact with a corpse, that we hold that all who are impure through treading are defiled through contact with a corpse.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A shield used in the arena is susceptible to corpse uncleanness; A shield used in battle is not meant to be laid upon and therefore it is not susceptible to midras uncleanness. However, like all vessels it is subject to corpse uncleanness, meaning if it comes into contact with a corpse, it is unclean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שמשחקין בו בקומפון (with which they play in the field/plain for exercise and amusement) – in the field of the king’s valley, two come, each one with his sword in his hand sand a small round shield that is not bent in his left hand, and each of them learn to defend with his shield so that his fellow doesn’t strike him. And we call it ASHGARIMER in the foreign language.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
And the Arabian toy shield is pure from all uncleanness. A shield that is not used as protection is not susceptible to impurity. This is the case with the Arabian toy shield.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טמא טמא מת –and the same law applies when he is defiled from the defilement of a reptile or from a carrion and the rest of the defilements together, except for treading, which is not made one of the original causes of Levitical uncleanness if a person with gonorrhea lay on it or sat upon it, but rather first degree [of Levitical uncleanness] like when having contact with someone with gonorrhea.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ודיצת הערביין (a shield used at Arabian sports) – the smallest shield that the Arabs use for dancing/rejoicing and for joy and sport, but it is not a vessel of use [and is clean of all uncleanness].
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