Se uno fosse ad est, e disse a suo figlio: "Crea un eruv per me ad ovest"; o se fosse ad ovest, e disse a suo figlio: "Crea un eruv per me ad est"—se ci sono da lui a casa sua duemila cubiti, e al suo eruv più di quello, gli è permesso a casa sua e proibito al suo eruv. (Se ce ne sono) al suo eruv duemila e alla sua casa più di questo, gli è vietato a casa sua e gli è permesso il suo eruv. [("Se uno fosse nell'est" :) nel campo, e Shabbath scese su di lui lì, e lui era a più di duemila cubiti dal suo eruv, il suo eruv non è eruv. Dal momento che potrebbe non camminare e prenderlo, la sua abitazione è nella sua casa, in piedi come fa nel tchum della sua casa. E si presume che desideri che la sua abitazione sia nella sua casa quando il suo eruv non è un eruv. ("gli è vietato la sua casa" :) per contare duemila cubiti su tutti i lati della sua casa.] Se uno mette il suo eruv nella periferia (ibur) della città, [cioè in una delle case che si trovano all'interno della settanta e una parte cubiti], non ha fatto nulla. [Perché anche senza un eruv, ha duemila cubiti su tutti i lati e l'intera città con il suo ibur è considerata come i suoi quattro cubiti.] Se lo mettesse fuori dal tchum [cioè fuori dall'ibur della città (Così è spiegato nella gemara)], ciò che guadagna [da una parte], perde [dalla parte opposta. Poiché conta duemila cubiti su tutti i lati dell'eruv e se lo colloca alla fine di mille (dalla città) verso est, si scopre che i duemila a est terminano tremila cubiti dalla città, quindi che guadagna mille (a est) e duemila a ovest mille mila cubiti a ovest della città, così che perde mille cubiti. Con la presente siamo informati che la città non è inclusa tra i duemila cubiti ad ovest, ma tutto è considerato come quattro cubiti. Questo, solo quando i duemila cubiti dall'eruv verso la città terminano alla fine della città o oltre; ma se terminano nel mezzo della città o dovunque al suo interno, può andare all'interno della città solo fino alla fine dei duemila cubiti dell'eruv e non di più, come insegnato di seguito.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מי שהיה במזרח – in the field, and he sanctified for himself the [Sabbath] day and he was far from his Eruv more than two-thousand [cubits], for his Eruv is not an Eruv, since he is not able to walk and to carry, it would be for him a Sabbath camp in his house when his Eruv is not an Eruv.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah returns to the subject of Shabbat border eruvin.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If one was in the east and said to his son, “Prepare for me an eruv in the west”, or if he was in the west and he said to his son, “Prepare for me an eruv in the east”, if the distance between him and his house was no more than two thousand cubits and that between him and his eruv was more than this, he is permitted to go to his house but forbidden to go to his eruv. If the distance to his eruv was no more than two thousand cubits and that to his house more than this, he is forbidden to go to his house but permitted to go to his eruv. Before this person left his home on Friday, he told his son to set up for him an eruv to either the west or east of the city. At dusk on Friday eve, he finds himself on the opposite side of the city. If he is two thousand cubits or less from his home but more than two thousand cubits from his eruv, he may go to his home but not to his eruv. In other words, his eruv is ineffective and he may not go two thousand cubits beyond it. Since when Shabbat began he could not reach his eruv, which was more than two thousand cubits away from him, we say that his intention was that his home would be his “Shabbat place” and from his home, and not the eruv, we measure a Shabbat limit of 2000 cubits. If, on the other hand, he is 2000 cubits or less from his eruv but more than that from his home, he may go to his eruv but not to his home. Again, since he couldn’t get to his home when Shabbat began, we assume that he wished that his eruv would be his “Shabbat place” and from that point and that point only he can travel 2000 cubits.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
בעיבורה של עיר (within the outskirts of the city) – in one of the houses that stands within seventy cubits and left-overs.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
One who puts his eruv within the extension of a town, he has done nothing. If a person puts his eruv within the extensions of the city, his eruv doesn’t help him at all. Even without the eruv, he can go 2000 cubits beyond the extensions of the city. Rather an eruv should ideally be put 2000 cubits beyond the city and its extensions. In this way it extends the distance a person can travel in that direction. The “extensions of the city” refer to the inns and shops which are outside of the city but count in measuring the city’s borders.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
לא עשה ולא כלום – for without an Eruv also, he has from the city/town two-thousand cubits in every direction, and the entire city/town with its outskirts are considered to him as four cubits.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If he put it even one cubit only beyond the limit he loses what he gains. This refers to a person who sets up his eruv outside the city, but within the 2000 cubit border which surrounds it. This is where an eruv should be set up. The mishnah teaches that every cubit he gains in his ability to travel on one side of the town, he loses on the other. So if he puts the eruv 1000 cubits outside the town on the west, he may now travel 3000 cubits to the west but only 1000 cubits to the east.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
נתנו חוץ לתחום – outside of the outskirts of the city/town. And this is explained in the Gemara (Tractate Eruvin 60b).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מה שנשכר –[what he gains] in this direction, he loses in the direction that is opposite it. For he counts from the Eruv two-thousand [cubits] in every direction if it and if he placed [something] at the end of one-thousand [cubits] to the east, it is found that the two-thousand [cubits] of the east end at the conclusion of three-thousand [cubits] of the city and he has gained one-thousand, but the two-thousand [cubits] of the west end at the end of one-thousand [cubits] of the west of the city, and he lost one-thousand [cubits]. And this comes to tell us that the city does not count in the total of the two-thousand [cubits] of the west but rather all of it is like four cubits. And these words [apply] when the two-thousand [cubits] do not end from the Eruv to the side of the city/town, but rather, at the end of the city/town or outside of it, but if they end in the middle or the city or at whatever place within it, he cannot walk within the city/town other than up to the point where the two-thousand cubits of the Eruv end, and not further, as it is taught nearby (in the next Mishnah).
