Se una roulotte si è accampata in una valle ed è stata recintata da un ingranaggio di animali, è consentita il trasporto al suo interno, purché la recinzione sia alta dieci tefachim e la (lunghezza composita della) non superi la (quella della) struttura . [E anche se le violazioni sono più piccole di dieci (amoth), se più viene violata che in piedi, non è una partizione, ed è vietato (trasportare) anche di fronte a ciò che sta in piedi.] Ogni violazione che si trova entro le dieci amoth ( di lunghezza) è consentito, essendo come un ingresso. [Questo, a condizione che ciò che sta in piedi sia maggiore o uguale a ciò che viene violato, nel qual caso esiste una (valida) partizione, ed è permesso portare (anche) di fronte alla violazione.] Più di quello (dieci punti) è vietato. [Anche una violazione superiore a dieci (amoth) vieta (vale a dire, invalida) l'intera recinzione, anche se ciò che è più (di ciò che viene violato), perché le persone non fanno ingressi più grandi di dieci—in modo che sia una violazione (e non un'entrata). E questo, solo se non ha tzurath petach ("l'apparenza di un ingresso"); ma se lo fa, anche più di dieci sono (considerati) un'entrata.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ולא יהיה פרצות יתרות על הבנין – and even if they are small breaches/gaps, less than ten [handbreadths], if the breach/gap is greater than the standing part, it is not a partition, and even if it corresponds to the standing part, it is prohibited.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah deals with the conditions under which members of a traveling caravan may carry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
כל פרצה שהיא בעשר אמות מותרת – as long as the standing part greater than it; alternatively, what is breached is like the standing part, it is a partition and even corresponding to the breach/gap, it is permitted.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If a caravan camped in a valley and it was surrounded by the instruments used for the cattle it is permissible to move objects within it, provided [the instruments] form a fence ten handbreadths high and the gaps do not exceed the built-up parts. Any gap which is wider than ten cubits it is permitted [to carry within], because it is like an entrance. If it is greater, it is forbidden [to carry within]. A valley is considered neither a public domain (since a true public domain is only one which is used as a public thoroughfare), nor is it a private domain. It is called by the rabbis a “karmelit” and it is forbidden by rabbinic ordinance (derabbanan) to carry within one. However, if the caravan which finds itself on Shabbat in a valley sets up there a makeshift fence by using the instruments used in caring for the cattle, they may carry within this area, if several conditions are met. First of all, the instruments must be ten handbreadths high to be considered a “fence.” This is because walls must be ten handbreadths high. Second, the gaps between the instruments cannot be greater than the area covered by the instruments. In other words, more must be closed than open. Thirdly, there can be no gap greater than ten cubits. A ten or less cubit gap can be considered an entrance to this enclosed area. More than that cannot be considered an entrance and thus turns the entire area into an unfenced area. This is true even if the total area closed by the instruments is greater than the gaps. However, if they put up two side-posts and a crossbeam over a more than ten cubit gap, this would turn the gap into an entrance and it would become permitted to carry within the area.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
יתר מכאן אסור – even one breach/gap that is greater than ten [cubits] prohibits the entire circumference, and even if the standing part is greater than it, for people don’t make openings greater than ten [cubits] and it would be a breach, and especially if it lacks the form of an opening, but if it has the form of an opening, even greater than ten [cubits], it is an opening.
