Commento su Bekhorot 4:2
נוֹלַד לוֹ מוּם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנָתוֹ, מֻתָּר לְקַיְּמוֹ כָּל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. לְאַחַר שְׁנָתוֹ, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְקַיְּמוֹ אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם:
Se sviluppa un difetto entro il suo primo anno, [il proprietario] è autorizzato a mantenerlo per tutto il primo anno. [Se si sviluppa un difetto] dopo il primo anno, [il proprietario] è autorizzato a conservarlo solo per trenta giorni.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
כל שנים עשר חדש – from when it (i.e., the firstling) was born.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
Our mishnah is a direct continuation of yesterday’s mishnah, where we learned that a priest is supposed to eat the first-born within its first year.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
לאחר שנתו – as for example, at this time, when he needs to keep it/sustain it until a blemish befalls it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If a blemish appeared on it in its first year, he is permitted to keep it all the twelve months. If it is blemished before the year is up, he can wait up to a year to eat it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אינו רשאי לקיימו אלא עד שלשים יום – from the day that the blemish befalls it [consuming it thirty days later].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If after the twelve months, however, he is not permitted to keep it except for thirty days. If the year has already passed, he must slaughter it within thirty days. It is interesting to note that the reason someone might want to wait to slaughter his first born is probably because he doesn’t want to eat such a large quantity of meat until there is some special occasion (wedding, perhaps). People in the ancient world did not eat meat on a regular basis. The Torah (and Mishnah) need to prohibit waiting, because otherwise, people might hold on to their first borns for a long time.
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