Tre cose sono permesse da R. Elazar b. Azaryah e proibita dai saggi: la sua mucca uscì (su yom tov) con la cinghia [decorativa] tra le sue corna. E i saggi lo proibiscono. [Lo considerano un peso e non una decorazione. (Non era la mucca di R. Elazar b. Azaryah, ma quella del suo vicino. Poiché non protestava, tuttavia, è chiamato con il suo nome.)] È permesso al curry di un animale su yom tov [con un pettine di ferro a denti piccoli, anche se si fanno le piaghe in tal modo.] Ed è permesso macinare i peperoni nel loro [piccolo] mulino [progettato a tale scopo]. R. Yehudah dice: è vietato allevare un animale in yom tov, perché crea piaghe; ma è permesso pettinare un animale [con un pettine di legno a denti larghi, che non fa piaghe]. E i saggi dicono: sia il curry che il pettinatura sono vietati, [la lotta contro l'essere decretati a causa del curry. L'halachah non è conforme a R. Elazar b. Azaryah in (tutte) queste tre cose, ma solo rispetto al curry di un animale. Perché è coerente in questo con R. Shimon, il quale afferma che "una cosa non intenzionale (come fare una piaga) è permessa". E governiamo in accordo con lui. I saggi che differiscono con lui sostengono con R. Yehudah che una cosa non intenzionale è proibita. E questa non è l'halachah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
פרתו יוצאה ברצועה שבין קרניה – for beauty/adornment. And the Sages stated that it is a burden and is not a decoration for it. And it was not the cow of Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah but that of his neighbor, and since they did not protest, it was called as associated with him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
Mishnah twelve contains three cases where Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah was more lenient than the other Sages. We should note that not all of these sections deal with the laws of Yom Tov.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ומקרדין ביו"ט – like a small bronze saw whose teeth are thin and which rubs and scratches the animal, and even though it makes a wound.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah allows three things and the Sages forbid them: His cow used to go out with the strap which she had between her horns; It is forbidden to carry things in the public domain on Shabbat. This is true even for a person’s animal, since it is forbidden to make one’s animal perform work on the Sabbath. Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah allowed his cow to go out with a strap between its horns, since this strap was only an adornment and therefore he did not consider it “work”. In the same way a person can wear clothing in the public domain and that is not considered carrying. However, the Sages forbid cows from carrying anything, since most cows do not do so. Furthermore, if others were to see this they would think that it is permitted for an animal to work on the Sabbath. (See also Shabbat 5:4).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ברחים שלהן – small which are made for this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
One may curry cattle on a festival; Currying is a type of combing done with a sharp metal comb. Rabbi Eleazar permits a person to curry an animal on the festival, even though that might cause a wound. Rabbi Eleazar permits this since even if he does cause a wound he did not intend to do so and unintentionally performed work is permitted on Shabbat and Yom Tov.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
מקרצפין – with a wooden saw whose teeth are thick. But they don’t make a wound.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may grind pepper in its own mill. Rabbi Elazar holds that grinding pepper is permitted on Yom Tov because it is done in preparation of food, even if the grinding is done in a large mill. The sages however allow the grinding of pepper only in a small mill, one which will produce less ground pepper and that is easier.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אף לא מקרצפין – for we decree that currying with a strigil leads to scratching (which causes a wound). But the Halakah is not according to Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah in these three matters, but rather, we scrape/curry the animal only, because in this we confirm the approach of Rabbi Shimon who said that a thing in which we don’t have an intention is permitted, and we hold according to him. But the Sages dispute this as they hold like Rabbi Yehuda who stated that a thing which was not intended is prohibited, but this is not the Halakha.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Rabbi Judah says: one may not curry cattle on a festival, because it may cause a wound, but one may comb them. Rabbi Judah states that currying is forbidden since it will cause a wound, but combing with a wooden comb is permitted since it will not cause a wound.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
But the Sages say: one may not curry them, and one may not even comb them. The Sages rule even more strictly. Even combing is forbidden, lest by permitting combing one might assume that currying is also permitted.
