הַמּוֹלִיךְ חִטִּים לְטוֹחֵן כּוּתִי אוֹ לְטוֹחֵן עַם הָאָרֶץ, בְּחֶזְקָתָן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וְלַשְּׁבִיעִית. לְטוֹחֵן עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, דְּמַאי. הַמַּפְקִיד פֵּרוֹתָיו אֵצֶל הַכּוּתִי אוֹ אֵצֶל עַם הָאָרֶץ, בְּחֶזְקָתָן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וְלַשְּׁבִיעִית. אֵצֶל הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, כְּפֵרוֹתָיו. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, דְּמָאי:
Celui qui apporte son blé [dîme et non sabbatique] à un meunier de Cuthite ou à Am HaAretz [celui qui est laxiste dans l'observation des dîmes et des lois de pureté] meunier, il [le blé] conserve son statut présomptif pour les dîmes et pour le sabbatique an; pour un meunier non juif, [le blé est considéré comme] Demai . Celui qui laisse son produit [dîme] sous la garde d'un Cuthite ou d'un Am HaAretz , il [le produit] conserve son statut présomptif pour la dîme et pour l'année sabbatique; chez un non-juif, c'est comme son produit [celui du non-juif]. Le rabbin Shimon dit: "[C'est] Demai ."
Tosefta Demai
[One who] purchases [produce] from a boat [docked] in Jaffa or from a boat [docked] in Caesarea [others have ציפורי = Tzippori or Sepphoris] is liable [in the laws of Demai]. Rabbi Yehudah says, [all produce purchased from] the archway of the Yishuv and the archway of Antipatris and the marketplace of Patros originally was [considered] Demai, because there was a presumption that it was grown in the King's Mountain [cf.
Y. Dem. V.8.6]. [But] now, our rabbis have held that [with respect to] all Samaritan towns that are by the side of the "Road" [per Lieberman here, the road running from from Judea to the Galilee], their grains and their legumes are [considered] Demai because they are of Israel [presumably, since Samaritans continue to consider themselves bound by the Written Torah, they may tithe such items, see Dem. 3:4, Dem. 5:9], but the remainder of their produce [as to which tithing is required by the Oral Torah, which Samaritans reject] is certainly untithed. [Note: משתמשין ביהודה, i.e., "used in Judea," should be stricken per the GR"A.]
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Tosefta Demai
[If a man] was trustworthy but his wife was not trustworthy, we may purchase [produce] from him but we may not be guests at his house, and [that is so] even though the [Sages] said, behold, he is like one who dwells with a snake in a wicker basket (i.e., his wife will control what is served and he will not interfere). [If] his wife is trustworthy but he is not trustworthy, we may be guests and his house, but we may not purchase [produce] from them. [If] he is trustworthy and one of his sons is trustworthy, or one of his (male) servants is trustworthy [see Lieberman, ואחד מעבדיו נאמן], or one of his female servants is trustworthy, we purchase [produce] and we eat [their produce at their homes] on their word [that their produce is tithed] and we prepare food for them. [But] during Shevi'it (the seventh year of the agricultural cycle, when fields must lie fallow) as as to Taharot (foods requiring preparation in a state of ritual purity), we are not allowed to do that (i.e., trust them at their word). [Note: Unlike a chaver, one who is "only" trustworthy is only trusted in regards to tithing, but not as to whether produce was grown during Shevi'it, or in matters of Taharot, see, e.g., Dem. 2:2, Dem. 2:3, Dem. 3:4.]
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