Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud sur Yoma 5:1

הוֹצִיאוּ לוֹ אֶת הַכַּף וְאֶת הַמַּחְתָּה, וְחָפַן מְלֹא חָפְנָיו וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ הַכַּף, הַגָּדוֹל לְפִי גָדְלוֹ, וְהַקָּטָן לְפִי קָטְנוֹ, וְכָךְ הָיְתָה מִדָּתָהּ. נָטַל אֶת הַמַּחְתָּה בִּימִינוֹ וְאֶת הַכַּף בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ. הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ בַּהֵיכָל, עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לְבֵין שְׁתֵּי הַפָּרֹכוֹת הַמַּבְדִּילוֹת בֵּין הַקֹּדֶשׁ וּבֵין קֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים, וּבֵינֵיהֶן אַמָּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיְתָה שָׁם אֶלָּא פָרֹכֶת אַחַת בִּלְבָד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כו), וְהִבְדִּילָה הַפָּרֹכֶת לָכֶם בֵּין הַקֹּדֶשׁ וּבֵין קֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים. הַחִיצוֹנָה הָיְתָה פְרוּפָה מִן הַדָּרוֹם, וְהַפְּנִימִית מִן הַצָּפוֹן. מְהַלֵּךְ בֵּינֵיהֶן, עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לַצָּפוֹן. הִגִּיעַ לַצָּפוֹן, הוֹפֵךְ פָּנָיו לַדָּרוֹם, מְהַלֵּךְ לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ עִם הַפָּרֹכֶת עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לָאָרוֹן. הִגִּיעַ לָאָרוֹן. נוֹתֵן אֶת הַמַּחְתָּה בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַבַּדִּים. צָבַר אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת עַל גַּבֵּי גֶחָלִים, וְנִתְמַלֵּא כָל הַבַּיִת כֻּלּוֹ עָשָׁן. יָצָא וּבָא לוֹ בְדֶרֶךְ בֵּית כְּנִיסָתוֹ, וּמִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה בַּבַּיִת הַחִיצוֹן, וְלֹא הָיָה מַאֲרִיךְ בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא לְהַבְעִית אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל:

Ils ont sorti pour lui [de la lishkah des vases] la louche et la casserole (d'encens), et il a pris des poignées pleines et les a mises dans la louche, le plus grand (prêtre) par rapport à sa taille; le plus court, par rapport au sien. Et c'était sa mesure. [Comme il a été mesuré à l'extérieur, ainsi a-t-il été mesuré à l'intérieur. Tout comme à l'extérieur, il a pris des «poignées» pleines, littéralement, pas dans un récipient, donc à l'intérieur, quand il a renversé l'encens de la louche dans ses mains, il ne l'a pas renversé avec un récipient fait à la mesure de ses poignées, mais dans sa main elle-même.] Il prit le bac à charbon dans sa main droite et la louche dans sa main gauche. Il marcha dans le sanctuaire jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne entre les deux rideaux séparant le saint du saint des saints, une coudée entre eux. [Parce qu'ils étaient dans le doute au moment du deuxième Temple si la partition séparant le saint du saint des saints dans le premier Temple, qui avait une coudée d'épaisseur—comme ils ne savaient pas si cette coudée était considérée comme l'intérieur (le saint des saints) ou comme l'extérieur (le saint), ils ont fait deux rideaux, l'un à l'extérieur, l'autre à l'intérieur, une coudée entre eux, que coudée comptant la partition.] R. Yossi dit: Il n'y avait qu'un seul rideau là, il est écrit (Exode 26:33): "Et le rideau se divisera pour vous entre le saint et le saint des saints." Le rideau extérieur était fermé par le sud et le rideau intérieur par le nord. [Les rabbins qui ne sont pas d'accord avec R. Yossi disent ceci, affirmant que "Et le rideau se divisera pour vous, etc." obtenu dans le mishkan (le sanctuaire du désert) seul. ("serré" :) Son bord était doublé à l'extérieur, et il était tenu par un fermoir doré, de sorte qu'il pouvait être ouvert du sud.] Il marchait entre eux [Il est entré par le fermoir au sud et a marché entre eux] jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne le [fermoir sur] le nord. Lorsqu'il atteignit le nord [et il entra dans le saint des saints], il tourna sa face vers le sud [pour marcher entre les pôles (de l'arche), au milieu (du saint des saints). Pour les pôles atteints jusqu'au rideau, une extrémité (pôle) étant à l'ouest; l'autre, à l'est; un (pôle) étant à la tête de l'arche au nord; l'autre, à sa tête au sud.] Il marchait à sa gauche avec le rideau [Car quand on marche du nord au sud, sa gauche est à l'est, et le rideau était à l'est, de sorte que sa gauche était " avec le rideau "] jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne l'arche [la place de l'arche, pas l'arche elle-même, il n'y avait pas d'arche dans le second Temple.] Il plaça le bac à charbon entre les deux poteaux, lâcha l'encens sur les charbons, et toute la maison était remplie de fumée. Il est sorti par le chemin où il était entré [ne tournant pas son visage pour sortir, mais marchant à reculons, face à l'arche.], Et il a prié une courte prière dans la maison extérieure (le sanctuaire) [à savoir: «Que ce soit votre veut, OL rd mon Dieu, que si cette année est chaude, qu'il pleuve; que le royaume ne quitte pas la maison de Juda; que ton peuple Israël ne dépende pas les uns des autres pour gagner sa vie, ni des autres; et que les prières des voyageurs (qu'il ne pleuve pas) ne se présentent pas devant Toi. "] Et il ne tarderait pas à prier pour ne pas alarmer Israël, [qui pourrait craindre d'être mort].

Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim

HALAKHAH: 94Here starts the discussion of Mishnah 5. What is gained by redeeming incense with Temple money, which is not profane? Would not Temple property be redeemed by Temple property? What does he do? Rebbi Simeon bar Carsana said, he brings coins and redeems them for the building95Both the scribe’s text and that of B are difficult to understand. While it is accepted that the Temple is built as profane building and only sanctified when completed (Babli Me`ilah14a), once it is sacred it cannot be redeemed. If the money is legitimately paid for a sacrificial animal, it belongs to the owner of the animal and is no longer available for Temple use. Tosephta Me`ilah1:23 reads: “A worker who did work for the Temple for a mina or two may not say, give me this cow for a mina or this garment for 50 {denar} since Temple property cannot be redeemed for work but only for coins. What does one do? One takes the wages of the artisans {from the sheqalim} and redeems them on the artisans’ money, gives them to the artisans as their wages; then buys them back from the disbursement of the lodge to pay back the workers for the coins they earlier gave to the Temple.” A similar text seems to be intended here.; brings incense and redeems it for them, and gives it96The incense. to the artisans as their wages. What should be done with those coins? Rebbi says, I am saying that they should be given to the family Garmu and the family Eutinos who were experts in compounding the incense and in making the shew-bread97Cf. Mishnah Yoma3:11.. Rebbi Samuel bar Rav <isaac<98Name added from B. said, only if they were due to them beforehand99Since Temple money can only become profane for actual debts incurred by the Temple. Advance payments are not possible.. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba asked, what if they were not due beforehand? There came Rebbi Abba in the name of Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: One uses them to adorn the altar75It is given to the gift account to buy elevation sacrifices in times when the altar otherwise would have been idle.. Rebbi Abba bar Cohen asked before Rebbi Yose: The opinion of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba seems inverted. Here it is questionable for him; there it is obvious for him100How can he ask when he himself teaches the answer which his teacher had given? He does not question that a possible use is to give the money to the gift account; he questions whether this is the only possible use.
The inverse order in B must be a scribal error.. He told him, where it is questionable for him, for Service vessels; where it is obvious for him, to adorn the altar.
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Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot

There, we have stated: “They removed the cup and the censer for him”70Mishnah Yoma.5:1. The reference really is to the end of that Mishnah: “The High Priest takes the censer in his right hand and the cup in the left hand.” In general there is a rule that all priestly service in the Temple has to be performed with the right hand only. The left hand has to be used here to make it possible for the High Priest to enter the Holiest of Holies only once. On that it is noted (Yoma5:2, 42b l. 52) that if he went twice, using only his right hand, the service is valid. Nevertheless, it is sinful to enter the Temple building more often than necessary. About this the paragraph here is then copied in Yoma.. About which of them does he become liable? About the first or the last? The colleagues say, about the last. Rebbi Yose told them, one says to him, enter, and you say about the last? But we must hold about the first71Since the first entry is necessary in any case, the High Priest cannot be faulted for the first entry even if he only carries the censer..
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Jerusalem Talmud Nazir

If he is still there63Here starts the discussion of the Mishnah. What is the situation of the person who vowed in the cemetery to be a nazir., Rebbi Joḥanan said, one warns him about everything for every possible leaving,64R. Joḥanan holds that the vow becomes effective the moment it is uttered. Then the nazir is informed that he has to leave the cemetery immediately (and refrain from wine and shaving). If he does not obey, he can be repeatedly warned and the disregard of every warning is a new, punishable offence. and he is whipped. Rebbi Eleazar said, he does not accept [warning] unless he leaves65He holds that the vow becomes effective only when the nazir leaves the cemetery. Then also the warning becomes relevant for him and he can be punished if he returns to the cemetery. and returns. Rebbi Abba said: So did Rebbi Joḥanan answer Rebbi Eleazar: Is it not written, “he shall not come” and “he may not defile himself”66If Num. 6:6, there is a general prohibition, “to any dead person he shall not come.” In v. 7, there is a particular prohibition; for close relatives “he may not be defiled.” R. Joḥanan interprets this to mean: even in a case where he does not defile himself, because he was defiled before he made the vow, he violates the separate prohibition of v. 6.? He said to him, if they warned him because of “he shall not come”, he is whipped; because of “he shall not defile himself” he is not whipped67He reads the verses as they are written. The nazir can be warned, and is whipped, for an active coming to corpses. But nobody can be whipped for a prohibition formulated in the passive voice.. Rebbi Hila said, Rebbi Joḥanan learned from prostrating, as we have stated there68Mishnah Šebuot 2:3. A person who comes to the Temple precinct and belatedly remembers that he is impure, has to leave immediately. If he tarries long enough for an act of prostration, he is punished.: “If he prostrated himself or stayed there long enough to prostrate himself.” Rebbi Mattaniah said, we thought that was where they do disagree? About lashes, but not about a sacrifice. Since Rebbi Hila said, Rebbi Joḥanan learned from prostrating69Where the main thrust of the entire Chapter in the Mishnah is the obligation to bring a sacrifice to purify himself from the inadvertent sin., that means that lashes and sacrifices are one and the same. A Mishnah disagrees with Rebbi Joḥanan: “A nazir who drank wine the entire day is guilty only once.70Mishnah 6:4. This presupposes that he was warned only once.” He explains it, that his throat was never empty71If the nazir actually never stopped drinking the entire day, he could not have been warned more than once. The Mishnah is irrelevant for the statement that separate warnings imply separate punishments.. A Mishnah disagrees with Rebbi Joḥanan: “If he was defiling himself for the dead the entire day, he is guilty only once70Mishnah 6:4. This presupposes that he was warned only once..” He explains it about one who waits before every leaving, who is whipped72He explains the Mishnah, if there was only one warning. But if he was warned repeatedly, each action represents a new offense. (Whether tarrying plays a role in this case remains an open question in the Babli, Šebuot 17a.). A baraita disagrees with Rebbi Joḥanan: If a Cohen was standing in a cemetery73Legitimately, when burying a close relative. and they were handing another corpse to him, could he accept? The verse says, “the husband shall be defiled for his family74Lev. 21:4. The verse really reads: “The husband shall not be defiled for his family, to be profaned,” meaning that the Cohen cannot defile himself for a wife he was forbidden to marry. This implies that he can be defiled only for the benefit of his legal family..” If he accepted it, I could think that he was guilty. The verse says, “to be profaned”. One who adds impurity to the impurity; that excludes him who does not add impurity to his impurity75If he already is impure, touching another corpse does not change his status. (In the Babli, the Babylonian authorities disagree, 42b.). Rebbi Ze‘ira said, Rebbi Neḥemiah said, “to be profaned”, that excludes him who does not add impurity to his impurity, lest he say, because I became defiled for my father I may go and collect the bones of X. “To be profaned”, at the time of death; Rebbi said, also “in their death.76Num. 6:7 prohibits the nazir from being defiled for his close relatives “in their death”, meaning that he does not have to leave the house when they lie dying, but only after they are dead. The same baraita is quoted in the Babli, 43a.” Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, they disagree77The authorities disagreeing with Rebbi require the nazir to leave the house when they lie dying.. It follows that Rebbi Simeon bar Abba follows Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish. When Simeon bar Abba was dying, he said, this should be taken out here, that should be taken out there78To avoid that vessels become impure at his death..
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