Talmud sur Yoma 3:16

Rebbi Jonah said, it is written¹⁰Is. 53:12. The verse continues: For he offered himself to death and counted the sinners. This applies to R. Aqiba who was a martyr and organized religious tradition in a systematic corpus.: Therefore, I shall distribute to him in public, and with the powerful he shall have part in booty, that is Rebbi Aqiba who organized interpretation of Scripture, practice, and homiletics¹¹The reading of B: Mishnah, interpretation of Scripture, and practice, seems preferable since R. Aqiba had no reputation in homiletics and as a matter of principle homiletics about biblical verses is not to be systematized.. But some say, this refers to the men of the Great Assembly, who organized principles and details¹²They find in the work of the Great Assembly the essence of Second Temple and later rabbinic Judaism, the effort to turn the mostly disjointed statements of the Torah into a systematic code of laws..

The people of Bet Shean asked Rebbi Immi, may one take stones from one synagogue to build another synagogue¹³In a different place or neighborhood. If the synagogue was destroyed and has to be rebuilt on its plot or nearby, the old stones have to be re-used if at all possible.? He said to them, it is forbidden. Rebbi Ḥelbo said, Rebbi Immi forbade it only to make them feel bad¹⁴The ruling is not invariable religious law, but an ad hoc ruling at a time when the Christian government of the Roman Empire tried to eliminate Jewish settlement in the Holy Land.. Rebbi Gorion said, the people from Magdala asked Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: May one take stones from one village to build in another village? He said to them, it is forbidden¹⁴The ruling is not invariable religious law, but an ad hoc ruling at a time when the Christian government of the Roman Empire tried to eliminate Jewish settlement in the Holy Land.. Rebbi Immi instructed, even from East to West is forbidden because of the destruction of that place. May one sell a synagogue to buy a school? Rebbi Joshua ben Levi’s word implies that it is permitted. For Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, he burned the Eternal’s House¹⁵2K. 25:9., that is the Temple, and the king’s house, that is Sedecias’s palace, and all the houses of Jerusalem, these are the 480 synagogues which were in Jerusalem¹⁶While this refers to Jerusalem in post-Herodian times (Babli Ketubot105a) and the verse describes the destruction of the first Temple, this should not be considered an anachronism. Since the verse is formulated as part of Scripture, it is meaningful outside of time and space.. As Rebbi Phineas said in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: There were 480 synagogues in Jerusalem, each of which had a school and a Talmud study; [the school] for Bible and the Talmud study for Mishnah. Against all of them came Vespasian. And every large house he burned in fire, that is the study of Rabban Joḥanan ben Zakkai where one was telling the great deeds of the Holy One, praise to Him, in the sense of tell please of the great deeds which Elisha accomplished¹⁷2K. 8:4.. Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: That you are saying about a private synagogue. But with a public synagogue it is forbidden; I am saying that one at the end of the world has part in it¹⁸He would have to be asked to vote on the sale of the property. Babli 26a/b,27a.. But did we not state, “it happened that Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Ṣadoq bought the synagogue of the Alexandrians and used it for all his needs”? The Alexandrians made it from their own¹⁹Tosephta 2:17. In the Babli 26a it is the synagogue of the metal smelters, a local guild, so no far-away person may have a say in it. Therefore their vote is undisputed.. So far if it was built as a synagogue. If it was built as a court and he dedicated it, what is the rule? Let us hear from the following: “A qônam²⁰A formula to confirm an oath, Phoenician for qorbān; cf. Introduction to Tractate Nedarim. that I shall not enter this house and it was turned into a synagogue.²¹Mishnah Nedarim9:2. Since the Mishnah states that this vow may be dissolved, it confirms that the dedication of profane building turns it into a synagogue.” This implies that if it was built as a court and he dedicated it, it became sanctified. When is it sanctified, immediately [or] at the moment of use? Let us hear from the following: If one builds a chest for a scroll²²A Torah scroll. or makes ribands for a scroll. As long as it was not used for a scroll profane use is permitted; after it was used for the scroll private use is prohibited. Therefore, if these who were made for a scroll are not sanctified until used, this which was built as court not so much more? What is the rule for these if they were made for profane use? Since you are saying there, if it was built as a court and he dedicated it, it is sanctified, so here if they were made for profane use and he dedicated them they are sanctified²³The rules for dedication of real estate and of movables are identical..

Rebbi Joḥanan asked, what about a person deaf in one ear¹⁹Is he required to appear in the Temple at Tabernacles in the Sabbatical year? Babli Ḥagigah3a.? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, the disagreement between the Rabbis and Rebbi Yose. As it was stated, and for Aaron’s sons make coats²⁰Ex. 28:40.. The Rabbis said, two coats for each one²¹Since “coats” is a plural and an otherwise undetermined plural always means 2. Cf. H. Guggenheimer, Logical Problems in Jewish Tradition, in: Confrontations with Judaism, ed. Ph. Longworth; London 1967.. Rebbi Yose said, even one coat for each one. What is the Rabbis’ reason? And for Aaron’s sons make coats. What is Rebbi Yose’s reason? For a hundred sons of Aaron make coats²²The plural may be explained without reference to the persons involved since the coats are public property.. And here, read this Torah in front of all of Israel into their ears²³Deut. 31:11.. The Rabbis are saying, two ears for each of them. Rebbi Yose is saying, even a single ear for each of them.

“Hugdas ben Levi for the song.” Rebbi Aḥa said, he knew a special melody. When he put his thumb in his mouth he produced all kinds of sounds and the heads of his fellow Levites were taken aback.

There⁶⁵Mishnah Baba Batra 8:7., we have stated: “If somebody writes his property over to his sons, he has to write: From today and after death⁶⁶By a positive biblical rule, an inheritance has to be divided evenly among the male heirs (Num. 27:6–11) except that the firstborn male in rabbinic interpretation receives a double portion (Deut. 21:17). If the father wants to distribute his property unevenly, or leave real estate to his daughters, he has to execute a will which has to become valid during his lifetime since nobody can act in law after his death.. Rebbi Yose says, this is unnecessary.” What is Rebbi Yose’s reason? The date of the document is its proof⁶⁷Since everybody knows that a will has to be activated during the testator’s lifetime, the date of the will automatically becomes the date of its validation except if this is disclaimed in the document itself. The same statement is in the Babli, Baba Batra 136a.. The colleagues in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: This is no condition⁶⁸Perhaps compare Greek ὕστερος “later, subsequent” as in combination τῇ ὑστέρῃ προσβολῇ “later, subsequent, conditions added to a document.” (E. G.) Less likely is a relation between the hapax איסרטה and Arabic شرطة “stipulation, clause” which might be Aramaic שטר, Accadic šeṭrum,šaṭārum “document”.. Rebbi Ze‘ira in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: It applies neither to bills of divorce nor to gifts⁶⁹This is a reformulation of the colleague’s statement: R. Yose’s statement about wills is applicable neither to divorces nor to gifts.. Rebbi Ila⁷⁰He disagrees with R. Ze‘ira. said, for a gift; since he said “from today”, the gift is irrevocable. Why did he write “after death”? To reserve the yield to himself⁷¹During his lifetime.. But in bills of divorce, since he wrote “from today” in the bill, it would be a separation⁷²If it is a divorce, the wife will be able to marry another man.. Why did he write “after death”? To reserve her body⁷³The use of prothetic א for אל, על is Babylonian. He wants to prevent his wife from remarrying during his lifetime. Therefore, the mention of “after death” contradicts the statement “from today” and there is no divorce. Rashba (Novellae ad 72b) reads: “the bill of divorce is unclear” (He also reads לְשַׁייֵר לוֹ גוּפָהּ, a better Yerushalmi style). to himself. Rebbi Bibon⁷⁴Rashba reads: R. Bun. [Compare the Latin adjective vivus “alive” as equivalent of חַיִים; cf. also the Roman name Bibulus. (E.G.)] bar Cahana said before Rebbi Ilai, not to reserve her earnings for himself⁷⁵Then the divorce would be absolute and the wife entitled to remarry during her first husband’s lifetime.? He answered, we do not find a woman married to one man and her earnings belonging to another. Rebbi Ze‘ira praised him for this and called him “son of the Torah.”

MISHNAH: How is the priestly blessing? In the countryside they recited it as three blessings¹⁷⁸Each one of the verses Num. 6:24–26 to be answered by “Amen”., but in the Temple as one blessing¹⁷⁹To be answered by the people at the end by “praised be the Name of the glory of His kingdom forever and ever”.. In the Temple one says the Name as it is written, but in the countryside by its circumlocution¹⁸⁰“The Lord” אֲדוֹנָי or κύριος.. In the countryside the Cohanim lift their hands to the height of their shoulders but in the Temple over their heads except for the High Priest who does not lift his hands over the diadem. Rebbi Jehudah says, the High Priest also lifts his hands over his head, as it is said¹⁸¹Lev. 9:22; since the ritual of blessing with raised hands is derived from this verse, it would be unreasonable to have the Cohanim not conform to Aaron’s, the High Priest’s, example.: “Aaron lifted his hands towards the people and blessed them.” How are the blessings of the High Priest¹⁸²On the Day of Atonement; cf. Mishnah Yoma 7:1.? The organizer of the synagogue¹⁸³On the Temple Mount. This is a non-scriptural ceremony, purely Pharisaic, but followed, at least since Hasmonean times, even by Sadducee High Priests. takes a Torah scroll and gives it to the president of the synagogue; the president of the synagogue gives it to the Second¹⁸⁴The second in command in the Temple after the High Priest; in effect his executive officer.; the Second gives it to the High Priest. The High priest receives it standing, he stands and reads “after the death¹⁸⁵Lev. 16:1–34, the description of the Atonement service.” and “but on the tenth¹⁸⁶Lev. 23:26–32. Winding from Chap. 17 to 23 does not take much time.”; he rolls the Torah tight, puts it in his bosom and says: More than what I read before you is written here. “And on the tenth” in Numbers¹⁸⁷Num. 29:7–11. he recites by heart, and recites eight benedictions¹⁸⁸These are detailed in Halakhah 7.: For the Torah, for the Temple service, for thanksgiving, for forgiveness of sins, for the Temple, for Israel, for the Cohanim, and the remainder of the prayer.

“And its window closed.” That they could not use it for their knives, as we have stated there¹⁶⁹Mishnah Middot4:7. The window being closed meant that there was no hollow space in the wall. Just as with the rings, the Cohanim from Bilgah had to use spaces dedicated to other watches to store their knives.: “this was called the place of the sharp knives since there they hid the knives.”