R. Eliezer dit: Si quelqu'un fait sa prière k'va [afin que sa prière lui paraisse un fardeau. "k'va"—"C'est chok kavua (" un statut fixe ") pour moi de prier, et je dois" m'en délivrer "."], Ce n'est pas une supplication. R. Yehoshua dit: Celui qui marche dans un endroit dangereux récite une courte prière. [Et quelle est la courte prière?] Il dit: "Aide, ô Éternel, ton peuple, le reste d'Israël; bechal parashath haibur [" même quand ils s'égarent (porshim) dans la transgression "], que leurs besoins soient devant toi. Béni sois-tu, ô Éternel, qui écoute la prière. " [Que leurs besoins soient révélés avant que vous ayez pitié d'eux. "parashath"—comme dans "perishah" (séparation). "haibur"—d'Aveirah (transgression). Et la halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Yehoshua, mais la prière que l'on récite dans un lieu de danger est: "Les besoins de ton peuple sont nombreux, etc." On le récite en marchant, et il ne récite ni les trois premières ni les trois dernières bénédictions (du shemoneh esreh). Et quand il quitte le lieu du danger et que son esprit est au repos, il doit réciter la tefillah comme d'habitude si le temps n'est pas écoulé.]
Tosefta Berakhot
Just like the Torah established a set time to read the Shema, so too the Sages established a set time for [the] prayer [of Shemoneh Esreh]. Why did they say [that] the morning prayer [of Shmoneh Esreh can be prayed only] until noon? Because the morning Tamid (daily offering) [sacrifice] could be brought [only] until noon. Rebbi Yehudah says, “[The morning prayer of Shmoneh Esreh can be prayed only] until [the end of the first] four hours [of the day].” And why did they say that the Mincha (afternoon) prayer [of Shemoneh Esreh can only be prayed] until the evening? Because the afternoon Tamid [sacrifice] could be brought [only] until the evening. Rebbi Yehudah says, “[The Mincha prayer of Shmoneh Esreh can be prayed only] until Plag Hamincha.” And when is Plag Hamincha? Eleven minus one quarter hours [of the day] (i.e. 10 ¾ hours). And why did they say that the evening prayer [of Shmoneh Esreh] does not have a set time? Because the limbs and fats [of the sacrifices] could be brought the whole night. And why did they say that the Mussaf prayer [of Shmoneh Esreh can be prayed] the whole day? Because the Mussaf (additional offering) sacrifice could be brought the whole day. Rebbi Yehudah says, “[The Mussaf prayer can be prayed] until [the end of the first] seven hours [of the day].”
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Tosefta Berakhot (Lieberman)
... Rabbi 'Lazar (=El`azar) the son of Rabbi Zadok says, Father used to pray a short prayer on Sabbath eve: "Because of Your love, O Lord our God, with which You have loved Your people Israel, and because of Your kindness, Our King, which You have shown to the people of Your covenant, You have granted us, O Lord, this great and holy seventh day in love."
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Tosefta Berakhot
I would have thought that a person can pray [Shemoneh Esreh] all day long. [However] it explains in Daniel, “… and three times a day he prayed on his knees …” (Daniel 6:11) I would have thought that [a person] can pray facing any direction he wants. [However] the verse teaches us, “… where in the attic he had windows facing Yerushalayim …” (ibid.) I would have thought that [Daniel] only began to pray after he was exiled. [However] the verse teaches us, “… just as he had always done.” (ibid.)
