Un shomereth yavam [une femme en attente de yibum] — si son frère avait fiancé sa sœur [Si l'un des frères avait fiancé sa sœur après que le premier était tombé devant eux pour yibum, et qu'elle était liée (pour yibum) à tous] —Au nom de R. Yehudah b. Betheira, il a été déclaré: On lui dit: Attendez [avant de l'épouser, de peur que vous ne violiez "la sœur de votre partenaire"] jusqu'à ce que votre frère aîné accomplisse un acte [c.-à-d., Jusqu'à ce qu'il la prenne en yibum ou lui donne la chalitzah et dissout son lien avec vous.] Lorsque son frère lui donne la chalitzah ou la prend en yibum, il peut épouser sa fiancée. Si Yevamah est mort, il peut épouser sa fiancée. [Car même s'il l'avait prise en yibum et qu'elle était morte, il est autorisé à épouser sa sœur.] Si le yavam meurt [et qu'il ne restait plus d'autre frère que celui qui avait fiancé sa sœur], il envoie sa fiancée avec un get, et la femme de son frère avec chalitzah. [Mais il ne la prend pas en yibum en raison de «la sœur de sa divorcée». Les règles de gemara conformément à R. Yehudah b. Betheira.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
שומרת יבם – she is waiting to perform levirate marriage.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
Introduction
Mishnah nine continues to discuss various scenarios of yibbum.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
שקדש – one of the brothers [who betrothed] her sister after this one fell before them and she became dependent upon all of them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
If the brother of the yavam had betrothed the sister of the shomeret yavam, in the name of Rabbi Judah ben Batera they said: they say to him “Wait until your older brother has done something”. Rachel becomes liable to have yibbum or halitzah with Reuven, her dead husband’s brothers. Before Shimon, the oldest surviving brother does yibbum or halitzah with her, Levi betroths Leah, Rachel’s sister. This is problematic because Leah is the sister of his z’kukah, a woman who is tied to him by her requiring yibbum or halitzah. However, the betrothal is valid. According to Rabbi Judah ben Batera, they tell Levi, the betrother, that he should not fully marry Leah until Shimon (or another brother) has done yibbum or halitzah with Rachel. That would end any ties between Rachel and Levi and allow Levi to fully marry Leah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
המתן – from marrying for she made contact [with the sister of] her levirate connection.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
If his brother performed halitzah for her or married her, he may marry his [betrothed] wife. If Levi’s brother does halitzah or yibbum, Levi can now marry Leah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
עד שישה אחיך מעשה – that your brother will marry the sister-in-law or perform Halitzah to her and uproot her levirate relation from you.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
If the yevamah died he may marry his [betrothed] wife. If Rachel dies, Levi can marry Leah, for she is no longer the sister of a woman tied to him. The woman who was tied to him is now dead.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
מתה היבמה יכנוס את אשתו – for even if he married her and she died, he is permitted to her sister.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
If the yavam died, he must divorce his wife with a get and [release] his brother’s wife by halitzah. If Shimon dies, and there are no other brothers, Levi is now in quite a pickle. Levi must perform halitzah or yibbum for Rachel for he is the only surviving brother. However, he cannot do either while he is betrothed to Rachel’s sister Leah. Therefore he must first divorce Leah and then perform halitzah for Rachel. He cannot have yibbum with her because she is the sister of his divorcee. Furthermore, the mishnah teaches that although generally the sister of one’s divorcee is exempt from either yibbum or halitzah (as we learned in yesterday’s mishnah), in this case since the ties to Rachel existed before the betrothal to Leah, Rachel is not exempt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
מת היבם – and no brother remains other than this one who betrothed her sister.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
מוציא את אשתו בגט ואת אשת אחיו בחליצה – but not perform levirate marriage for she is the sister of his divorced wife, and in the Gemara (Tractate Yevamot 41a), the legal decision is according to Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteyra.
