Commentaire sur Tohorot 9:4
הַגּוֹמֵר אֶת זֵיתָיו וְשִׁיֵּר קֻפָּה אַחַת, יִתְּנֶנָּה לְעָנִי הַכֹּהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ מִיָּד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵת לְעֵת:
Celui qui termine [la récolte] de ses olives, mais laisse un panier restant [et ne le met pas dans la cuve], il doit le mettre dans [la cuve] devant les yeux d'un prêtre [c'est-à-dire pour que le prêtre puisse l'observer tel quel est amorcé pour l'impureté, et veille à ce qu'il ne devienne pas impur], selon le rabbin Meir. Le rabbin Yehuda dit: il doit apporter la clé [de sa presse à olives à un prêtre] immédiatement [mais le prêtre n'a pas à observer tout le temps]. Rabbi Shimon dit: [il doit lui apporter la clé] d'heure en heure [c'est-à-dire qu'il suffit d'apporter la clé dans les vingt-quatre heures].
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הגומר את זיתיו – after the time of the vats and the olive press have passed. For at the time of the vats and the olive press, it is taught in the Mishnah in [Tractate] Hagigah, Chapter 3, Mishnah 4 that everyone is believed [that in Judea] regarding the heave-offering/priest’s due at the time of the vats and olive presses.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who had finished [the gathering of his olives] and put aside one basketful, let him put it [in the container] in front of a priest, the words of Rabbi Meir. The mishnah refers to an am haaretz who has crushed all of his olives in the crushing container but left over one container so that the olives would not become susceptible to impurity. From these olives he intended to separate terumah. Note that an am haaretz does seem to separate terumah and to respect the purity of the terumah so that a priest could make use of it. However, he doesn't separate tithes, nor does he preserve the purity of his common food. The question that the sages ask is what must he do to make sure that the olives remain pure? Rabbi Meir says that he should put the olives in the container in which they are crushed in front of the priest. This way the priest can make sure they stay pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ושייר (and left aside) –[one must say, "ישייר" /and there should remain, and similarly it is found in old manuscripts].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Rabbi Judah says: he must hand him over the key immediately. Rabbi Shimon says: within twenty-four hours. Rabbi Judah says that the am haaretz must immediately give over to the priest the key to the container. Evidently, he affords little trust to the am haaretz. Rabbi Shimon gives him a little leeway he has twenty-four hours in which to give over the key.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
קופה אחת – in order that he would separate heave-offering from it and [first-tithe] from it in ritual purity [and give it in the presence of the Kohen, that the Kohen] himself will see that he now has finished working with his olives, for if he doesn’t give it in the presence of the Kohen, he will not be believed to state that he guarded them in ritual purity, since the time of the vats and olive presses have passed. But there are books where we have the reading "לעני הכהן"/to a poor person who is a Kohen, because small amounts of heave-offering like this that he separates after [the time has passed] of the vats and the olive presses, it is not customary to give it other than to an indigent Kohen, because of this, it (i.e., this manuscript of the Mishnah) teaches: "כהן עני"/an indigent/poor Kohen, and the same law applies when he is able to give to a wealthy Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
יוליך לו את המפתח מיד – and we believe him with what he says that now he has completed [working with] his olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ר' שמעון אומר מעת לעת – of the completion of his harvesting of the olives, if he brought him the key, we believe him. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehudah. But in the Tosefta (Tractate Taharot, Chapter 9, Halakha 10) in implies that when Rabbi Yehuda said "מיד"/immediately, that is all of the entire day.
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