Un plafond [fait de poutres ou de planches], qui n'est pas goudronné —R. Yehudah dit: Beth Shammai dit: Il les déloge et les déplace tous [pour le valider comme une souccah] et il en prend un entre (chacun des deux) [et place le schach casher à sa place.] Et Beth Hillel dit : Il les déloge et les déplace ou il en retire une entre les deux. [R. Yehudah est conforme à sa décision selon laquelle il est permis d'utiliser des planches comme schach. Par conséquent, le délogement suffit, et sans le déloger, il n'est pasul à cause du "tu feras" et non de ce qui est déjà fait.] R. Meir dit: Il en retire un d'entre eux et il n'a pas besoin de déloger. [R. Meir est conforme à sa décision selon laquelle il est interdit d'utiliser des planches comme schach. La halakha est conforme à R. Yehudah au nom de Beth Hillel.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
תקרה – a roof made of beams or boards.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
Introduction
Roofs were usually made by first putting on a layer of wooden planks and then covering them with plaster to seal out the rain. Plaster on a roof would render the sukkah invalid because it does not come from vegetation. This mishnah discusses a house that has a roof made of wood but there is no plaster on top of it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
מעזיבה – the plaster or lime that they would regularly put on the beams and the boards is called a concrete of stone-chippings as a pavement covering the ceiling of the lower story and serving as flooring for he upper story.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
A [wooden] roof that has no plastering: Rabbi Judah says: Bet Shammai say that he should loosen [the planks] and remove one from between each two. And Bet Hillel say he should either loosen [the planks] or remove one from between two. Rabbi Judah relates here the opinions of Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel. Bet Shammai holds that in order to make this roof valid he must do two things. First of all, he must pick up every plank, loosen it and only then put it back down in its place. This seems to be a demonstrative act to show that this is a sukkah and not a house. He must also remove every other plank so that it also looks like a sukkah and not a house. Bet Hillel is more lenient and allows one to do either he either loosens the planks by picking them up or he removes one from between two. He need not do both acts.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
מפקפק – tear down and shake all of them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
Rabbi Meir says, he removes one from between two, but he does not loosen [the planks]. Rabbi Meir rules differently. Assumedly, he believes that this is what Bet Hillel actually said and not as Rabbi Judah related. According to Rabbi Meir, the symbolic act of loosening the planks is not necessary nor does it help. Rather, he must remove one out of every two planks so that the sukkah does not look like a house. This is in line and somewhat modifies that which Rabbi Meir said in yesterday’s mishnah wooden planks may not be used. Here we see that they can be used, but they must not be placed right next to each other. Rather there must be gaps equal to their thickness. Assumedly, he will fill in these gaps with other, less controversial, types of skhakh.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
או נוטל אחת בינתים – and place fit festive covering for the Booth/S’khakh in its place. Rabbi Yehuda, according to his reasoning, who declares fit for S’khakh on the boards, therefore, tearing down is sufficient. But without tearing down, it is impossible because making something that is not from that which is already made.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
ר"מ אומר – The Schools of Shammai and Hillel did not disagree in this matter, as all of them admit tha tone must take one of the boards between each two and tearing down and shaking them does not have any effect. But Rabbi Meir, according to his reasoning who said that we do not place festive covering for the Booth on boards. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda who said in the name of the School of Hillel.
