Si quelqu'un fait sa propriété hekdesh, et qu'il comprend des choses dignes de l'autel —du vin, de l'huile, de la farine [qui conviennent aux offrandes de repas et aux libations], et des oiseaux [tourterelles et jeunes pigeons], R. Elazar [(C'est la bonne version, et non "R. Eliezer")] dit : Ils sont vendus à ceux qui en ont besoin et les holocaustes sont achetés avec leur argent et le reste de la propriété redevient bedek habayith. [Le raisonnement de R. Elazar est donné dans le Yerushalmi: Il est écrit (Lévitique 22:18: "… de tous leurs vœux et de toutes leurs offrandes de libre arbitre, qu'ils présenteront au L rd comme un brûlé- offre"— Tout ce qu'ils jurent et donnent en cadeau des choses qui sont présentées au L rd — même le vin, l'huile et la farine —est d'être une offrande brûlée. Je pourrais penser qu'il peut offrir pour leur argent un oiseau brûlé-offrande, ou que s'il a dédié un oiseau, il peut l'offrir comme holocauste; il est donc écrit (Ibid. 19): "… du bétail, des moutons et des chèvres." Il peut sacrifier tout ce qu'il a donné, l'holocauste d'une bête seule.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
יינות שמנים וסלתות – which are appropriate for meal-offerings and libations.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a person who dedicated his belongings to the Temple and there were among them things which could be offered on the altar, but they were not animal sacrifices, as was the case in mishnah 7.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
ועופות – doves and pigeons.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
One who dedicated his possessions to the Temple and there were among them things fit for the altar, [such as] wines, oils, and birds: Rabbi Elazar says: they should be sold for the use of [offerings of] each particular kind, and they should bring with the proceeds burnt offerings, and the other possessions should go to the repair of the Temple. Rabbi Elazar says that the wines, oils and birds should be sold to people who need to bring wines for libations, oils to accompany minhah (grain) offerings or various bird offerings. The proceeds from the sale should be used to buy burnt offerings, and then, as is standard, all of the other dedicated possessions should go to the upkeep of the Temple. The Rambam explains how this situation differs from the situation in mishnah seven, where Rabbi Eliezer said that animals dedicated to the Temple should be sold to people who need them for sacrifices and the proceeds go to the repair of the Temple. That mishnah discussed animals and not wines, oils and birds as does our mishnah. Animals dedicated as sacrifices can be, under certain circumstances, redeemed. If the animal becomes blemished, it is redeemed with money and the money becomes sacred and is used to buy another sacrifice. Since the money becomes sacred, when these animals are sold it is as if the mitzvah has been already performed and the money can be used for the repair of the Temple. In contrast, wine, oil and birds cannot be redeemed with money. Therefore, when they are sold the money itself does not become holy. Since the money is not holy, the mitzvah has not been performed and therefore the money must be used to buy burnt offerings, through which the mitzvah can be performed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
Rabbi Eleazar is our reading and not Rabbi Eliezer. The reason of Rabbi Eleazar is explained in the Jerusalem Talmud, as it is written (Leviticus 22:18): “[When any man of the house of Israel or of the strangers in Israel] presents a burnt offering as his offering for any of the votive or any of the freewill offerings [that they offer to the LORD],” all that they vow or donate from things that they donate to the LOD, even wines, oils and fine-flour will be for a burnt offering – he is able to offer with their monetary value a burnt offering of fowl or if he first gave a fowl, he shall offer it as a burnt offering, the inference teaches us (Leviticus 22:19): “from cattle or sheep or goats.” Surely, he does not with all what he donated other than only a burnt offering of cattle.
