La terumah [c'est-à-dire ce qu'ils mettent dans les paniers] —qu'est-ce qu'ils en ont fait? Ils ont acheté du témidin (les holocaustes quotidiens), de la moussafin (les offrandes supplémentaires), leurs libations, l'omer, les deux pains, le pain de démonstration et toutes les offrandes communes [y compris l'encens]. Les observateurs de la post-croissance sur shevi'ith (l'année sabbatique) prennent leur salaire de la terumah de la lishkah. [Les "séquelles" sont ce qui poussent d'elles-mêmes à partir de ce qui reste de la récolte. Les gardiens sont payés pour veiller à ce que les pauvres ne les cueillent pas sur le shevi'ith, et ils sont amenés pour l'omer à Pessa'h et pour les deux pains sur Shavuoth, qui ne proviennent que des nouveaux produits et d'Eretz Yisrael. Les gardiens peuvent être payés à partir de la terumah, car ce qui est nécessaire pour l'offrande est comme l'offrande elle-même à cet égard.] R. Yossi dit: Si quelqu'un le souhaite, il peut faire don de ses services en tant que gardien non rémunéré. [Et même s'il acquiert les post-excroissances de hefker (propriété renoncée) en les regardant gratuitement et en les apportant, afin qu'elles soient à lui—R. Yossi soutient qu'une offrande individuelle peut être convertie en offrande communautaire.] Ils lui dirent: N'êtes-vous pas d'accord pour dire qu'elles (ces offrandes) ne peuvent provenir que de la congrégation? [Et s'il a regardé les post-excroissances gratuitement et les a apportées et les a acquises, on constate qu'elles ne viennent pas de la congrégation (les rabbins soutenant qu'une offrande individuelle ne peut pas être convertie en offrande communautaire.) La halakha est conforme à la sages.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
התרומה מה היו עושין בה – that they placed into the boxes – what did they do with them?
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Introduction
This mishnah begins to discuss what they did with the money from the appropriation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
וכל קרבנות הצבור – including incense.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
What did they do with the appropriation? They bring with it the daily burnt-offerings ( and the additional burnt-offerings ( and their libations, the omer and the two loaves and the showbread and all the other public offerings. This section contains a list of some of the public offerings that were purchased from the appropriation. Tamidim see Exodus 29:38, Numbers 28:3; musafim see Numbers 28:9 ff.; the omer Leviticus 23:10-11; the two loaves Leviticus 23:16-17; the showbread Leviticus 24:5-9.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
ספיחים – grain that comes up on its own from what was fell off/dropped at the harvest, and we give payment to the guards (i.e., these men were hired to prevent people from collecting the aftergrowth) so that poor people would not glean/gather them in the Seventh year, and bring from the Omer on Passover and the two loaves on Atzeret/Shavuot, for these do not come other than from חדש/new grain and from the Land of Israel. And we give them their payment from the Terumah/sacred donations, for the needs of the sacrifice are considered like the sacrifice itself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Those who guard the aftergrowths of the seventh year take their wages out of the appropriation from the chamber. Rabbi Yose says: [if a man wished] he could volunteer to watch without payment. But they said to him: you too admit that they can only be offered out of public funds. While it is forbidden to work the land during the seventh year, it is permitted to eat produce that grows on its own. This produce was necessary for the omer, the grain brought between Pesah and Shavuot, and the two loaves, brought on Shavuot, because these both had to come from newly harvested produce. To make sure that there was some grain in the fields the Temple would hire guards to watch the aftergrowths. These guards took their salary from the shekels. Rabbi Yose says that if an individual wishes to guard the fields without pay, he is free to do so. The other sages respond that his opinion is problematic. Rabbi Yose agrees that public sacrifices, those listed in section one, must come from public funds and not from individual donations. If one were to volunteer to watch the aftergrowths, he would by law become their owner and it would turn out that the omer and the two loaves would be coming from private donations. Therefore, individuals must take payment in return for guarding the fields.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
שומר חנם – and even though he acquired them for that which was ownerless, for when he guarded them for free and brought them, they are his. Rabbi Yosi holds that an individual sacrifice is different from the community sacrifice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
אף אתה אומר כו' – that is to say, if you admit that they don’t come other than frm the community, and if you guarded them for free and brought them, he takes possession of them. It is found that they do not come from the community [offerings] since the Rabbis hold that an individual sacrifice does not change into a community [sacrifice], and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
