Il est permis de couper des courges [non enracinées] devant une bête, [même si elles ne sont généralement pas mangées par des bêtes mais par des hommes], et (il est permis de couper) de la charogne [qui est devenue charogne le Shabbath] avant les chiens, [ même si ben hashmashoth (crépuscule la veille du sabbat) il était (pour être mangé) par les hommes et non par les bêtes.] R. Yehudah dit: Si ce n'était pas la charogne de la veille du sabbat, il est interdit, n'ayant pas été muchan "prêt pour utilisation"). [Car tout ce qui est propre à la consommation humaine n'est pas réservé aux bêtes. Et même si l'animal était malade la veille du sabbat, on pense qu'il va guérir. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מחתכין את הדלועין – that are detached before the cattle and even though they usually are not the food for animals, they exist only for humans.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah deals with giving food on Shabbat to animals in cases where the food was not “prepared” for them on the eve of Shabbat. “Prepared” here means that before Shabbat this food was not designated to eventually become animal food. “Prepared” is the opposite of “muktzeh”.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ואת הנבלה – that had become ritually forbidden by unskillful slaughtering that day, and even though it was at twilight, it stood for humans and not for animals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may cut up gourds in front of beasts, and a carcass in front of dogs. Rabbi Judah says: if it was not carcass by the eve of Shabbat it is forbidden, because it was not prepared. Gourds are normally eaten by human beings and are too expensive to be given to animals. Nevertheless, the mishnah rules that if one has gourds one may cut them up and give them to one’s beasts. The mishnah refers to a carcass of an animal that was alive when Shabbat began and became a carcass on Shabbat itself. In such a case it was certainly not “prepared” before Shabbat to be given as dog food on Shabbat. According to the first opinion, it is nevertheless permitted to give the carcass to the dogs. Rabbi Judah disagrees and holds that the carcass is “muktzeh” and may therefore not be handled at all on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
רבי יהודה אומר אם לא היתה נבילה מע"ש אסורה – for anything that is appropriate for humans, it is not set aside for animals, and even if it is sick from the Eve of the Sabbath, we hold that it would heal, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
