Il est permis de gratter [la mangeoire le Shabbath] avant qu'un bœuf soit engraissé, [afin que les sédiments dans la mangeoire ne se mélangent pas avec le foin et l'orge qui sont placés devant elle et le font reculer de l'alimentation], et il [le foin devant l'animal] peut être écarté [lorsqu'il y en a en abondance, afin qu'il ne soit pas foulé et souillé d'excréments.] Telles sont les paroles de R. Dossa; et les sages l'interdisent. [Cela fait référence aux deux, racler la mangeoire et déplacer le foin de côté. Et R. Dossa et les sages ne diffèrent qu'avec un mangeoire, mais avec un mangeoire au sol, ils conviennent tous qu'on ne peut pas le gratter, car il pourrait venir faire des trous. Et les sages décrétent contre un mangeoire en raison (peut-être qu'il vient le faire avec) un mangeoire au sol. La halakha est en accord avec les sages.] (La nourriture) peut être prise avant une bête et placée devant une autre bête le Shabbath. [Et nous ne considérons pas cela comme un mouvement vain (le Shabbath). Ce n'est certainement pas vain, car un animal ne rejette pas la nourriture prise à un autre. Cela ne s'applique que s'il le prend devant un âne et le place devant un bœuf, etc., mais pas l'inverse. Car la nourriture du bœuf est souillée par le crachat de sa bouche, et l'âne n'en mange pas.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
גורפין – on the Sabbath, the feeding receptacle/manger that is in front of the ox, we fatten it so that it will not become combined with the sandy matter in the grain that is in the manger in the straw and barley that we place before him and he will cut himself in his food and we remove the straw that is before him to the sides when there is a lot of it so that the animal will not tread on it with his foot and become dirty from the excrement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah discusses cleaning out a trough for an animal on Shabbat. The mishnah is placed here due to the end of yesterday’s mishnah which also discussed a trough.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וחכמים אוסרים – it refers to both – cleaning out the manger and the straw that is in front of him (i.e., the animal), he should not sweep it to the sides but Rabbi Sosa and the Sages only argued with regard to the real manger (see Talmud Shabbat 140b in Rashi – as opposed to a piece of ground fenced in and used as a manger/אבוס של קרקע ). But a piece of ground that is fenced in and used as a manger, all agree that we do not clean it out, lest one make indentations/holes, , but the Rabbis decreed that a real manger is just like a piece of ground that is fenced in and used as a manger. But the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may rake out [the trough] for a stall ox, and move [the remnants] aside for the sake of a grazing [ox], the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the sages prohibit it. One may sweep out the trough of the remnants that are left over after the a previous feeding so that the old food the ox would not eat before doesn’t become mixed with the food given to it in the current feeding. A “stall ox” is one that is being fattened up by giving it high quality food. Since it is rather “fussy”, Rabbi Dosa allows its trough to be cleaned out on Shabbat. A “grazing” ox is less fussy and used to dirtier food and hence one may not completely rake out the trough on its behalf. However, one may move the remnants to the side so that they don’t get mixed up with the next feeding. The sages prohibit both of these things because of sweeping and raking on Shabbat. The problem is that by sweeping or raking one may come to fill up a hole, an activity prohibited on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
נוטלים מלפני בהמה זו ונותנין לפני זו – and we don’t say that it does not appear like carrying , because it really appears like it, because an animal is not set aside with food that is taken from its fellow [animal]. And specifically, from before a donkey and we place it (i.e., the food) before a ox, and similarly to it, but not something that is before the ox and placing it before the donkey, for the food of an ox is detestable with the spittle that comes out of its mouth, and the donkey will not eat of it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may take [food] from one animal and place it before another animal on Shabbat. One may move food from one trough to another on Shabbat. We might have thought that this is prohibited because it is carrying without purpose. However, since one animal will generally eat food which has already been put in front of another animal, this is not considered “carrying without a purpose” and it is permitted.
