Fagots de paille ou fagots de bois ou fagots de z'radim [pousses d'arbres humides, coupées pour l'alimentation animale] —si on les avait préparés comme aliments pour animaux, ils peuvent être déplacés; sinon, ils ne peuvent pas être déplacés. Un panier peut être inversé pour les poussins, afin qu'ils puissent monter ou descendre. [Et cela n'est pas considéré comme annulant un vaisseau de sa fonction, car les poussins ne restent pas debout dessus. Et selon l'opinion selon laquelle un navire ne peut être déplacé que pour le bien d'un autre navire qui peut être déplacé, la Michna doit être comprise comme parlant d'un cas où la place du navire est nécessaire.] Une poule qui s'est enfuie (de la maison)] peut être poussé [avec ses mains] jusqu'à ce qu'il rentre. [Et seule la poussée est autorisée, mais pas la traction; car une poule se soulève du sol, de sorte que (en la tirant) on découvre qu'elle l'a émue. Mais les oies et autres oiseaux peuvent être tirés.] Les veaux et les poulains peuvent être tirés dans le domaine public [en saisissant leur cou et sur les côtés, en les traînant, en les aidant et en bougeant leurs pattes]. Une femme peut tirer son fils. [Elle le tient par ses bras par derrière, et il bouge ses jambes et marche.] R. Yehudah dit: Quand est-ce ainsi? Quand il prend une jambe et en pose une; mais s'il les traîne, c'est interdit. [Car alors, elle le soulève. Chaque fois que R. Yehudah dit "Quand en est-il ainsi" dans la Michna, il ne diffère pas mais explique les paroles des sages. Par conséquent, la halakha est en accord avec lui.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חבילי – bundles/bunches.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
The mishnah begins by discussing things which were prepared to be given as fodder to animals. The remainder of the mishnah deals with other laws concerning animals on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
זרדים – branches of the tree that are moist and we trim them for the food of cattle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Bundles of straw, bundles of twigs, or bundles of young shoots, if they were prepared as animal food, they may be carried; if not, they may not be carried. It is permissible to carry animal food on Shabbat, so if these bundles of various things were prepared for this purpose they may be carried. However, if they weren’t specifically prepared to be animal food then we can assume that they were prepared to be used in lighting a stove or oven, an act prohibited on Shabbat. Therefore, they may not be carried for they are muktzeh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כופין את הסל לפני האפרוחים – We disturb the utensil (i.e., turn it over from its place so that it is not [functioning] for the young chickens are not standing upon it and the individual who states that the utensil is not being taken other than for the need of the things for which it is taken, our Mishnah establishes that is necessary for the place of the utensil.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may overturn a basket before young birds, so that they will get up and then get down. The young birds themselves are muktzeh since there is nothing that one can do with them on Shabbat. However, the mishnah holds that one may nevertheless move a basket in front of them so that they will get up onto the basket and then get off of it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שברחה – from the house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
A chicken which has run away, they may push her until she re-enters. Again, it is forbidden to hold the chicken itself because it is muktzeh. However, if it runs away one may push it back to its place. This is assumedly allowed to prevent the loss of the chicken, just as activities normally prohibited on Shabbat were allowed to prevent loss of property from fire.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may make calves and foals walk in the public domain. And a woman may make her son walk. Rabbi Judah says: when is this so? If he lifts one [foot] and places [another] down; but if he drags them it is forbidden. One can help small animals or toddlers walk around on Shabbat and we need not be concerned that the mother or the one helping the animal will pick the animal up, which is forbidden. Rabbi Judah limits this permission to a child who can at least walk a little bit on his own. But if the child is only “dragging its feet”, then one can’t help it walk on Shabbat, lest one come to pick it up and thereby carry it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
עד שתכנס – and specifically drive it but not push and pull because the chicken lifts itself from the ground and it is found that he is carrying it but geese and other fowl one may lead them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מדדין עגלים – grab hold of its neck and its sides and drag it and assist it to move its legs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
והאשה מדדה את בנה – she grabs hold of his arms from behind him and moves his feet and walks.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שנוטל אחת ומניח אחת – when the baby moves his legs, he places one leg down and lifts up the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אבל גורר אסור – when she carries him, and everywhere in the Mishnah where Rabbi Yehuda says, "אימתי"/”from when,” he does not come to dispute, but rather to explain the words of the Sages. Therefore, the Halakha is according to him.
