Si l'on jette de la mer au rivage [d'un karmelith au domaine public]; du rivage à la mer; de la mer à un navire [d'un karmelith à un domaine privé]; d'un navire à l'autre, il est exonéré. Si les navires sont liés les uns aux autres, il est permis de déplacer des objets de l'un à l'autre. [S'ils appartiennent à deux personnes différentes, il est permis de déplacer des objets de l'une à l'autre au moyen d'un eiruv, en ce sens qu'ils sont comme deux cours.] S'ils ne sont pas liés, même s'ils sont mukafoth [contigus, comme dans (Chullin 46b): "ein makifin bebuei"], il n'est pas permis de déplacer les choses de l'une à l'autre. [Car s'ils se séparent, un karmelith intervient et l'eiruv est annulé.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מן הים ליבשה – from a Karmelit to the public domain.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah deals with throwing from either the sea to dry land (or the opposite) or from ships to the sea or other ships.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מן הים לספינה – from a Karmelit to the private domain.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If one throws [somethign] from the sea to dry land, or from dry land to the sea, from the sea to a ship or from a ship to the sea or from one ship to another, he is exempt. As we mentioned earlier, the sea is considered a “karmelit” a place that is neither the public domain nor the private domain. Hence, one who throws from dry land (the public domain) to the sea or vice versa is exempt. One is liable only for moving something from the public domain to the private domain or vice versa. A ship is considered a private domain. Hence, if one throws from the sea to a ship or from a ship to the sea, she is also exempt, for this is throwing from a “karmelit” to a private domain. Finally, one who throws from one ship to another is exempt, just as one who throws from one private domain to another private domain with the public domain lying in-between is exempt (see mishnah 11:1). In this case, it would seem that even Rabbi Akiva would exempt the thrower because what lies in-between is not a public domain but the sea (a karmelit).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מטלטלין מזו לזו – if they belong to two individuals, one carries via an Eruv, for it is likened to two separate courtyards.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If ships are tied together, one may carry from one to another. In this case the two ships are tied together and lying adjacent to one another. According to Albeck, who explains the mishnah according to the Yerushalmi (the Palestinian Talmud) since there is no karmelit lying between the ships, one can carry from one to the other. In the Babylonian Talmud, this section is explained as referring to boats owned by two different people. They may carry from one to the other if they set up an eruv, a concept about which we learn in the next tractate.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מוקפות – each is near the other like we don’t surround swellings/abcesses.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If they are not tied together, even though they lie close [to each other], one may not carry from one to another. If the ships are not tied together, one may not carry from one to the other, even if they lie adjacent to each other. Since the two boats may become separate, thereby forming a karmelit between them, the halakhah is more stringent in this case.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אין מטלטלין – for this is how they explain each other: the Karmelit interrupts between them and nullifies the Eruv.
