R. Shimon n. Gamliel a dit: Dans la maison de mon père, ils donnaient des vêtements blancs à un blanchisseur païen trois jours avant Shabbath. [Les vêtements blancs sont difficiles à laver et nécessitent trois jours, et ils ont pris sur eux la règle plus stricte de Beth Shammai. La halakha n'est pas en accord avec Beth Shammai, mais avec Beth Hillel, qui l'autorise "avec le soleil."] Et ils [Beth Shammai et Beth Hillel] sont les mêmes (dans leur décision) que les poutres de la presse à olives et les cercles du pressoir sont chargés. [Les olives sont chargées pendant qu'il fait encore jour avec les poutres du presse-olives. Une fois les olives écrasées, de lourdes poutres leur sont chargées et l'huile en s'écoule d'elle-même pendant tout le sabbat. Ceux (les poids) du pressoir sont appelés «cercles». C'étaient des planches épaisses en forme de cercle. En cela, Beth Shammai est d'accord avec Beth Hillel. Car même si cela est fait le jour du sabbat, il n'y a pas de responsabilité de sacrifice pour le péché. Car la poutre n'est pas placée sur les olives avant qu'elles ne soient d'abord écrasées dans le moulin. De même, avec des raisins. Ils sont d'abord foulés à pied, et même sans le faisceau, le liquide est exsudé de lui-même, mais pas aussi facilement qu'avec le faisceau. Pour cette raison, il n'est pas similaire au (travail de) battage (tiret)].
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כלי לבן – which is difficult to launder, it requires three days, and they are stringent upon themselves like the School of Shammai. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel, but rather according to the School of Hillel that permits it with the sunlight.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
The first section of this mishnah is a continuation of the previous mishnayot. Here we learn that Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel’s house behaved like Bet Shamma and refrained from doing work on Friday if that work would continue onto Shabbat.
The second section begins to list things that may be done on Friday, even according to Bet Shammai.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ושוין – The School of Shammai and the School of Hillel, that they load the olives while it is still daylight on the beam of the building containing the tank [and all the implements for pressing olives], after they crush the olives, they load them on heaven beams and the liquid flows on its own throughout the Sabbath.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: My father’s house was accustomed to giving white clothing to a non-Jewish launderer three days before Shabbat. The custom of Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel’s house was that of Bet Shammai. In the Tosefta (a text from the same time period as the Mishnah) it is related that they would give colored laundry on Friday, because colored laundry is easier to clean than white laundry.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ועגולי הגת – these of the winepress are called weights (clay cylinders), in which there were thick planks made in a round mold, and in this the School of Shammai agrees with the School of Hillel, because if they were to work these on the Sabbath, there would be no liability of transgression, because they don’t place the beam on the olives until they first mill them with a millstone and similarly with grapes that they first tread on them with their feet, and without the beam the liquid would come forth on its own, but it would not come out well until now, therefore, it is not similar to threshing.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And these and these agree that they lay down an olive press beams and wine press rollers. Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel agree that one can begin the process of pressing olives and grapes on Friday, even though the work will continue on Shabbat. Since as soon as she lays down the beams, most of the good juices will come out and the grapes and olives are crushed, the continuation of such a process is not considered to be work forbidden by the Torah on Shabbat. Therefore, Bet Shammai allows this. Even on Shabbat, crushing already crushed grapes and already pressed olives is not considered to be work forbidden by the Torah, but rather only prohibited by rabbinic law derabbanan.
