Et ce sont ceux qui sont mis à mort par le feu: celui qui vit avec une femme et sa fille [c'est-à-dire avec une femme dont il a déjà épousé la fille —sa belle-mère] et la fille d'un Cohein, qui a commis l'adultère. [Elle est également mise à mort en brûlant.] Inclus dans "une femme et sa fille" [(c'est-à-dire que le brûlage est explicitement indiqué pour "une femme et sa fille", à savoir (Lévitique 20:14): "et si un l'homme prend une femme et sa mère… dans le feu doivent-elles être brûlées, "et tous les autres en découlent)] (sont) sa fille [de son" ravi ", qui n'est pas la fille de sa femme, pour qui il est responsable en raison de «la fille de sa femme»], de la fille de sa fille ou de la fille de son fils [de son ravi], de la fille de sa femme, [qu'elle soit sa fille ou sa belle-fille], la fille de sa fille ou la fille de son fils et sa belle-mère. [Même si cela est enseigné explicitement ci-dessus et n'est pas dérivé d'un derashah, car il est enseigné dans ce contexte "la mère de sa belle-mère" et "la mère de son beau-père", qui sont dérivés d'un derashah, «sa belle-mère» est enseignée en passant, avec eux.] Et ce sont ceux qui sont mis à mort par l'épée: un meurtrier, et les hommes d'une ville idolâtre. Un meurtrier: Si quelqu'un frappait son voisin avec de la pierre ou du fer, ou le pressait dans l'eau ou le feu, de sorte qu'il ne puisse pas se lever [par exemple, s'il tenait sa tête sous l'eau pour ne pas pouvoir la soulever], et qu'il mourait, il est responsable. S'il l'a poussé dans l'eau ou dans le feu, mais qu'il aurait pu s'échapper, il n'est pas responsable. S'il a incité un chien ou un serpent contre lui, il n'est pas responsable. S'il a amené un serpent à le mordre, [c'est-à-dire, s'il tenait un serpent dans sa main et plaçait ses dents contre le corps d'un autre], R. Yehudah le juge responsable [Il tient que le venin d'un serpent est dans ses dents, de sorte que lorsque il met ses dents contre son corps, c'est comme s'il le tuait, et il est responsable], et les sages le déclarent non responsable. [Ils soutiennent que le serpent apporte son venin de lui-même, de sorte que ce n'est pas comme si l'homme l'avait tué directement mais seulement indirectement, et il n'est pas responsable. La halakha est en accord avec les sages.] Si quelqu'un frappait son voisin, que ce soit avec une pierre ou avec son poing, et ils prédisaient qu'il mourrait, [(mais s'ils prédisaient qu'il vivrait, même les rabbins soutiennent qu'il n'est pas responsable)], et son état s'est amélioré, [sur quoi ils ont prédit qu'il vivrait], puis il s'est aggravé et il est mort, il est responsable. R. Nechemiah dit qu'il n'est pas responsable, car il y a des indications [qu'il n'est pas mort à cause de ce coup.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
אלו הן הנשרפין. הבא על אשה ובתה – on a woman whose daughter has already married, that is his mother-in-law.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
Introduction
The first half of mishnah one discusses those who are executed by burning, while the second half discusses those executed by being decapitated.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
ובת כהן – and the daughter of a Kohen who ran about as a prostitute/was unchaste, [whose punishment] is by swallowing molten liquid.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
The following are burnt: he who has sexual relations with a woman and her daughter, and a priest's adulterous daughter. There is included in [the prohibition of having relations with] a woman and her daughter his own daughter, his daughter’s daughter, his son's daughter, his wife's daughter and the daughter of her daughter or son, his mother-in-law, her mother, and his father-in-law's mother. There are two people who are punished by being burnt: one who has relations with a woman and her daughter (Lev. 20:14) and a priest’s daughter who commits adultery (Lev. 21:9). Our mishnah teaches that the prohibition of having relations with a woman and her daughter includes incestuous relationships, such as having relations with one’s wife and her daughter (whether or not she is his daughter). It also includes granddaughters. In all of these cases the man’s punishment will be execution by burning.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
יש בכלל אשה ובתה – that is to say, with a mother and her daughter, it is explicitly written "שריפה"/burning (Leviticus 20:14): “If a man marries a woman and her mother….they shall be put to the fire/"באש תשרפו" …,” and from it we derive that all of these also and it is they are [punished] by burning.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
The following are decapitated: a murderer, and the inhabitants of a city subverted into worshipping idols. A murderer who slew his fellow with a stone or iron, or kept him down under water or in fire, so that he could not get out of there, is executed. If he pushed him into water or fire, but he could get out of there , yet he died, he is not liable [for the death penalty]. The mishnah now begins to discuss those who are executed by decapitation. The first example is a murderer. (We will discuss the city seduced to idol worship more in chapter ten). A murderer is one who strikes his fellow person with intention of killing him. If he pushed his head into fire or water and did not allow him out, he is punished as a murderer. However, if he threw him into water or fire and the person died, he is not punished as a murderer, since the person could have escaped. According to another source, although he is not obligated in a court, he is obligated in a heavenly court.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
בתו – from an outraged woman, for she is not the daughter of his wife, and he is liable on her because of his wife’s daughter, but she is not his wife’s daughter.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
If he set a dog or a snake against him [and they killed him], he is free from death. If he caused a snake to bite him, Rabbi Judah ruled that he is liable [for the death penalty] and the Sages, that he is not. If he set a dog or snake upon another person and they bit him and he died, he is not liable, since he did not kill him with his hands. If he put the dog or snake on the other person, according to Rabbi Judah he is liable, since this counts as murder with one’s hands. According to the Sages this does not count as murder with one’s hands.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
בת בתו ובת בנו – for they were his from his being a victim of unavoidably prevented accident.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
If a man struck his fellow, whether with a stone or with his fist, and they [the experts] declared that he would die, but then its effect lessened [so that it was thought that he would live], only to increase subsequently, so that he died he is liable. Rabbi Nehemiah said that he is exempt, since there is a strong possibility [that he did not die as a result of his injuries]. If a person struck another person and then the doctors stated that he would die, and then later the patient started to recover, and then still later died, according to the Sages the striker is obligated for the death penalty. We can assume that he died of his wounds, even though he slightly recovered in the interim. According to Rabbi Nehemiah, since he even slightly recovered, we have a reasonable doubt with regards to the cause of his death, for perhaps he died of a different cause and not directly from the wounds. This reasonable doubt is enough to exempt him from the death penalty.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
בת אשתו – whether she is his daughter or whether she is his step-daughter.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
Questions for Further Thought: • Section four: Why does the mishnah mention this strange case? What might it teach us in general about other cases?
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
וחמותו – even though that it [the Mishnah] explicitly taught at the first section – he who has relations with a woman who has married her daughter, and it is does not come from a derivation, for since it was taught regarding these a general principle – for the mother of his mother-in-law and the mother of his father-in-law, that come from a derivation, the Mishnah also taught, by the way, regarding his mother-in-law with them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
כבש עליו – he grabbed the head of his fellow and held him firmly in the water so that he wasn’t able to raise his head.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
שיסה – incite/let loose
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
השיך – that he held the snake in his hand and led him and the tenth of the snake reached the body of his fellow.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
רבי יהודה מחייב – that he holds that the poison of the snake in its teeth stands, and since that the tenth of the snake arrived in the skin of his fellow, it is as if he had killed him, and is liable.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
וחכמים פוטרין – for they hold that the snake himself vomits his poison; therefore, it was not he that killed him but rather a mere indirect effect and he is exempt. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
ואמדוהו למיתה – but we appraise him first for life. Even to the Rabbis, he is exempt.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
שרגלים לדבר – that he didn’t die on account of that wound.
