La farine ne doit pas être mise dans du charoseth [quelque chose contenant du vinaigre et de l'eau, dans lequel la viande est trempée] ou dans de la moutarde. Et si on le met [dans la moutarde], il faut le manger immédiatement. [Car la moutarde est forte et elle ne devient pas hamets très vite comme elle le fait dans le charoseth. Mais avec le charoseth, le premier tanna est d'accord avec R. Meir qu'il est interdit.] R. Meir l'interdit [même s'il le met dans la moutarde, soutenant qu'il devient immédiatement hamets dans la moutarde, comme dans le charoseth. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Meir. Le Pessa'h (c'est-à-dire la viande de l'offrande de Pessa'h) ne doit pas être cuit, [il est écrit (Exode 12: 9): "… et cuit, cuit"—en aucune façon], ni dans les liquides ni dans les jus de fruits. Mais il peut être oint et trempé dedans [après avoir été torréfié, et nous ne disons pas que son goût est ainsi neutralisé. Ou bien, avant même qu'il ne soit rôti, il est permis d'oindre le Pessa'h avec du jus de fruit. Car c'est ainsi qu'il a été enseigné (7: 3): "S'ils l'ont oint d'huile de terumah, s'ils étaient une compagnie de Cohanim, ils peuvent la manger."] L'eau utilisée par le boulanger [pour refroidir ses mains quand il forme le matzoth] doit être renversé [sur une pente, de sorte qu'il ne s'accumule pas en un seul endroit] parce qu'il devient (ainsi) hamets.
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
בחרוסת – a thing that has vinegar and water in it and is made to dip meat in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah contains three more prohibited mixtures, two of which deal with chametz.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ואם נתן – into the mustard.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One may not put flour into haroset or into mustard; “Haroset” is a mixture of fruit and wine or wine vinegar and it was customary to put flour in it as well. However, on Pesah it is forbidden to put flour in it because the wine or wine vinegar will cause it to become chametz. Mustard is also made with vinegar and therefore it is also forbidden to put flour into it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
יאכל מיד – for the mustard is sharp and does not sour quickly like the Haroset (a pap made of fruits and spices with wine – to sweeten the bitter herb) and, but regarding Haroset, the first Tanna [of our Mishnah] agrees with Rabbi Meir that it is forbidden.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
And if he did put [it], it must be eaten immediately; But Rabbi Meir forbids [it]. If he nevertheless did put flour into either mustard or haroset, he must eat it immediately so that it doesn’t become chametz. Rabbi Meir, however, holds that it becomes chametz immediately and therefore one cannot eat it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ורבי מאיר אוסר – even if he put it into the mustard, for he holds that mustard immediately sours/leavens like the Haroset. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One may not boil the Pesah sacrifice, neither in liquids nor in fruit juice but one may baste and dip it in them. Exodus 12:9 forbids eating the Pesach sacrifice if it has been boiled. Our mishnah adds that this prohibition holds true for all liquids, water and fruit juices the sacrifice may not be boiled in any liquid. However, it is not prohibited to baste the sacrifice with liquids such as wine or oil while it is roasting and one can dip the meat in liquids after the roasting is complete. Perhaps the reason that this section is here is that above we dealt with Exodus 12:8 and here we deal with Exodus 12:9. Alternatively, since the previous sections and the following one deal with juices, this halakhah is brought here.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
לא במשקין ולא במי פירות – as it is written (Exodus 12:9): “[Do not eat any of it raw,] or cooked in ay way with water…” anyway.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The water used by a baker must be poured out, because it causes leavening. While baking matzah, the baker will dip his fingers in water to keep them moist. The water bowl into which he dips his fingers must be dumped out so that the flour in it doesn’t turn into chametz. It should be dumped out somewhere where it will not gather in one place so that it doesn’t turn into chametz on the ground.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אבל סכין ומטבילין – after it is roasted, and we don’t’ say that it nullifies its taste; alternatively, even before it is roasted, it is permitted to rub the Passover offering in fruit juice, and such is taught [in the Mishnah] “How do we roast” (Pesahim, Chapter 7, Mishnah 3), that they rubbed it/basted it in the oil of priest’s due and if there was a group of Kohanim present, they would consume it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
נחתום – he cools off his hands with them at the time that he forms the Matzah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ישפכו – in a declivity so that they will not remain gathered in one place and become leavened.
