Si l'on mange involontairement de la terumah de hamets à Pessa'h [S'il était involontaire à l'égard de la terumah, même s'il était conscient en ce qui concerne le hamets], il paie le principal et un cinquième, [même s'il est interdit de profiter de hamets sur Pessa'h, et cela ne vaut rien. Car en ce qui concerne celui qui mange involontairement de la terumah, il est écrit (Lévitique 22:14): "Et il donnera au Cohein la chose sainte"— quelque chose qui peut devenir saint —pas de l'argent, mais des fruits. Et ce qui est payé devient terumah, de sorte que ce n'est pas la valeur monétaire qui est payée.] (S'il la mange) consciemment, [S'il était conscient de la terumah, même s'il était involontaire à l'égard du hamets ], il est exonéré du paiement et de la valeur du bois. [S'il s'agissait de terumah impur, il ne paie pas la valeur du bois, qui peut être utilisé comme combustible pour la cuisine. Car s'il était conscient de la terumah, il est comme n'importe quel autre voleur, et il paie de l'argent, par rapport à la valeur et non par rapport au montant. Mais le hamets à Pessa'h n'a aucune valeur, car le bénéfice ne peut en être tiré, et il est également interdit comme carburant, de sorte qu'il n'a causé aucune perte (au Cohein).]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
בשוגג – he erred inadvertently regarding Terumah/priest’s due even as he erred wittingly regarding leavened products.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a non-priest who eats on Pesah terumah which is also chametz. The case is either one in which before Pesah he separated terumah from his chametz or that he separated terumah from his matzah on Pesah and it became chametz.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
משלם קרן וחומש – and even though it is forbidden to derive benefit from leavened products on Passover, and is not worth anything, because that when one eats priest’s due inadvertently, it is written (Leviticus 22:14): “[but if a man eats of a sacred donation unwittingly,] he shall pay the priest for the sacred donation, [adding one-fifth of its value],” something that is worthy of being holy, and he does not pay him money, but rather produce, and the payment becomes priest’s due, therefore, we do not follow after the money.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
One who unwittingly eats terumah chametz on Pesah must repay [to a priest] the principal plus a fifth. If he eats this terumah chametz unwittingly, he is liable for what one is normally liable to pay when a non-priest eats terumah. He must repay the value of the terumah and an added fifth to a priest (see Leviticus 22:14). Even though it was forbidden for him to derive benefit from the chametz on Pesah and therefore it is as if the chametz is not worth anything, still he makes restitution based on the size of the terumah that he ate and not its monetary value. The chametz may not have any value but it has size.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
במזיד – that he wittingly [ate] priest’s due, even if he erred inadvertently regarding leavened products, he is exempt from payment.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Intentionally, he is exempt from payment and from [liability for] its value as fuel. Normally speaking, when not Pesah, one who intentionally eats terumah is liable to repay the value of the terumah which he ate. He is treated like a robber, who pays the value of that which he robbed. Since the chametz terumah is worthless on Pesah a Jew cannot derive any benefit from it he is not liable for anything. The mishnah goes on to say he is not even liable for the value of the terumah chametz had it been used as fuel, since on Pesah not only is eating the chametz prohibited, but deriving any benefit from it is as well.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ומדמי עצים – if the priest’s due was ritually impure, he does not pay the cost of wood that would have been appropriate to burn underneath his dish, for [when one eats] priest’s due wittingly, he is not other than a mere thief, and he pays money according to the value and not according to the measurement, but Hametz/leavened products on Passover are not monetary for they are prohibited to derive benefit [from it], and even to burn it is not appropriate and he has not lost anything.
