R. Yehudah a dit plus loin: Deux chaloth [de hamets] de la todah (l'offrande d'action de grâce) étaient pasul (impropres à manger) [ayant été rendus pasul par linah (passant la nuit sans avoir été mangés)], et ils ont été placés sur le toit de l'itzteva (le portique du Temple). [Car puisqu'il y avait beaucoup de pains de grâces le 13 Nissan— car quiconque avait un todah à apporter devait le faire le 13 —ils (ceux qui n'avaient pas été mangés) devinrent pasul par linah le matin du quatorze. Les pains d'action de grâce se composaient de quarante chaloth, dix d'entre eux, hamets, et le todah pouvait être mangé (seulement) le (même) jour et nuit. Mais s'ils étaient apportés le 14, ceux de Hamets ne pouvaient être mangés que jusqu'à la sixième heure; et il est interdit d'apporter une offrande un jour où le temps de la manger serait écourté, car «les offrandes consacrées ne sont pas apportées à la maison de psul». Par conséquent, quiconque était obligé d'apporter une todah le ferait le 13, ne pouvant pas l'amener le quatorze (d'autant plus à Pessa'h), de sorte qu'ils (c'est-à-dire certains d'entre eux) devenaient pasul par linah le le matin du 14, il n'y avait pas eu assez de mangeurs. Par conséquent, parce qu'ils étaient pasul, ils ont été placés là (car s'ils étaient kasher, ils ne les y placeraient pas et ne les rendraient pas délibérément pasul.) Ils ont été placés là jusqu'au moment du retrait et ils ont été brûlés, et ils ont été placés sur le toit de l'itzteva soit visible comme un signe.] Tant qu'ils étaient couchés là, tout le monde mangeait (hamets). Quand l'un d'eux a été enlevé [Au début de la cinquième heure, le messager de Beth-Din est venu et en a enlevé un, par lequel tout le monde a compris que la cinquième heure était arrivée et] ils ont "suspendu" (l'activité)—ils ne mangeaient ni ne brûlaient (hamets). Quand les deux ont été enlevés, tout le monde a commencé à brûler (leur hamets). R. Gamliel dit: Chullin (nourriture ordinaire) est mangé tous les quatre (heures); terumah, tous les cinq, [il est interdit de gaspiller délibérément la nourriture consacrée tant qu'on est autorisé à la manger], et elle est brûlée au début du sixième, [car la plupart des gens peuvent confondre le septième avec le sixième. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Gamliel.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שתי חלות – of leaven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with the time when chametz is burned.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
של תודה פסולות – which were invalidated for use by being kept overnight, since because there loaves of thanksgiving [offerings] on the thirteenth of Nisan, for everyone who had a thanksgiving offering to bring brought it on the thirteenth, they were invalidated for use by being kept overnight for the morning of the fourteenth. The thanksgiving loaves were forty Hallot, ten of them were leavened. And the thanksgiving offering were eaten day and night, and if they would bring them on the fourteenth, the ones of Hametz would not be eaten other than until the sixth hour, for it is forbidden to bring a sacrifice on the day when the time for their being eaten would be reduced, for one does not wittingly cause bring holy things (i.e., sacred meat) to a place where the unfit things are burnt (see Mishnah Zevahim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 3). Therefore, whomever had to bring a thanksgiving sacrifice would bring it on the thirteenth, but would not be able to bring it on the fourteenth and all the more so during Passover, for they would be invalidated for use by being kept overnight on the fourteenth day since for they would not be eaten so much, and because of this, invalidated ones were given there, for since they were not fit, no one would give them to invalidate them by their hands.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabbi Judah further said: two unfit loaves of thanksgiving used to lie on the roof of the [Temple] portico: as long as they lay [there] all the people would eat [chametz]. When one was removed, they would keep it in suspense, neither eating nor burning [it]. When both were removed, all the people began to burn [their chametz]. Rabbi Judah relates that in the Temple they made a sign which would let the people know until what time they could eat the chametz. They would put their two loaves of bread which were used in the thanksgiving offering (see Leviticus 7:13). They would use only loaves which were unfit for use (for instance, the time in which they could be eaten had passed), because they wouldn’t take fit loaves and leave them there to intentionally render them inedible. The rest is simple: the loaves were left there until the beginning of the fourth hour, the time until which Rabbi Judah holds one can eat chametz. When one was removed at the beginning of the fifth hour, they would cease eating their chametz, but not yet burn it. When the second was removed, they would begin to burn their chametz at the beginning of the sixth hour.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שמונחות – there until the time of getting rid of [the leavened products] they would be burned.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabban Gamaliel says: non-sacred chametz may be eaten the whole of the four [hours] and terumah the whole of the five [hours] and they burn [them] at the beginning of the sixth [hour]. Rabban Gamaliel presents an opinion which lies somewhere between that of Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah from the previous mishnah. Rabban Gamaliel agrees with Rabbi Judah that non-sacred chametz, i.e. chametz which was not terumah, can only be eaten through the fourth hour. However, he holds that terumah may be eaten through the end of the fifth hour. This is to try to prevent as much as possible the need to burn terumah, which according to halakhah should not be burnt unnecessarily. Rabban Gamaliel agrees that they burn all of the chametz in the sixth hour.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
על גג האצטבא – that was on the Temple Mount, in order that they should see them there as a sign.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אחת מהן – at the beginning of the fifth hour, an agent of the Jewish court would come and take one and all the people would recognize that the time of the fifth hour had arrived and would hold them in suspense.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ותרומת כל חמש – for it is forbidden to lose holy meat by one’s hands all the while that one can eat them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ושורפין בתחילת שש – for now it is certain that most people erred between the sixth and the seventh hour. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Gamaliel.
