Commentaire sur Oholot 12:8
כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת מֻדְבָּק לָאַסְקֻפָּה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַהֵר. הָיָה נָתוּן תַּחַת הָאַסְקֻפָּה, יִדּוֹן מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה. מֻדְבָּק לַמַּשְׁקוֹף, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר. הָיָה נָתוּן בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּמַּשְׁקוֹף, טָמֵא. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּאַסְקֻפָּה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מִטֶּפַח וּלְמַטָּן, טָהוֹר. מִטֶּפַח וּלְמַעְלָן, טָמֵא:
Si [un morceau de la taille de] une olive d'un cadavre était collé à un seuil, le rabbin Eliezer déclare la maison impure, mais le rabbin Yehoshua la déclare pure. S'il a été placé sous le seuil, il suit la règle de moitié-moitié. Si elle était collée au linteau, la maison est impure, Rabbi Yossi la déclare pure. S'il a été placé à l'intérieur de la maison, celui qui touche le linteau est impur. Celui qui touche le seuil, le rabbin Eliezer le déclare impur, mais le rabbin Yehoshua dit d'une largeur de main en bas, il est pur, d'une largeur de main en l'air, il est impur.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מודבק לאסקופה – that the threshold is wide and defilement is attached on the threshold from the arched gateway with posts and outward, Rabbi Eliezer holds that all of the threshold is like the house, therefore, it defiles the house. But Rabbi Yehoshua holds from he arched gateway with posts and outward, the threshold is not considered like the house. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If an olive-sized portion of a corpse is stuck to the threshold: Rabbi Eliezer declares the house unclean. Rabbi Joshua declares it clean. According to Rabbi Eliezer, the threshold is part of the house. Therefore, if a source of uncleanness is found on the threshold, the house is impure. Rabbi Joshua holds that the threshold is not part of the house. Therefore, if the impurity is found on the threshold, the house is clean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ידון מחצה למחצה – from half of the threshold and inward is like inside, and the house is impure, from half and outward is like outside and the house is pure, half and half, the house is impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If it was placed beneath the threshold, the [case] is judged by the half [in which the uncleanness is found]. If it is found underneath the threshold, then whether it is considered to be in the house depends on whether it is under the inner half of the threshold or the outer half. The house is impure if the impurity is in the inner half.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מודבק למשקוף – underneath the lintel from the arched gateway and posts outward.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If it is stuck to the lintel, the house becomes unclean. Rabbi Yose declares it clean. The impurity is stuck to the outer section of the lintel. Most sages consider the lintel to be included in the house. Rabbi Yose considers the outer side of the lintel to be outside the house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
הבית טמא – that even from the arched gateway and posts and outward it is considered a house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If it was in the house, a person touching the lintel becomes unclean. As a corollary, if the impurity is inside the house and a person touches the lintel, he is defiled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ור' יוסי מטהר – for it is not considered to him like a house. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[As for] a person touching the threshold: Rabbi Eliezer declares him unclean. Rabbi Joshua says: [if he touches it at a point] below a handbreadth [from the surface] he remains clean; above that handbreadth he becomes unclean. Rabbi Eliezer is consistent with his opinion above. Since he considers the threshold to be part of the house, if someone touches the threshold (when the impurity is in the house) he is impure. Rabbi Joshua says that he is impure only if he touches a space on the threshold that is at least one handbreadth above the ground. If it is less than a handbreadth above the ground, then he is pure because less than a handbreadth is considered part of the ground (see 9:15 where Rabbi Joshua says the same thing concerning a coffin). Rabbi Joshua's opinions seem to be inconsistent. In section one he holds that the threshold is not part of the house, but here he holds that it is, at least one handbreadth over the ground. One explanation is that since in this case the impurity is found in the house, the impurity goes out through the threshold and thereby defiles it. In other words, it is not that the threshold is part of the house, rather that the impurity goes out through the threshold and thereby defiles it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
רבי אליעזר מטמא – that he considers all of the threshold like a house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מטפח ולמטן טהור – for it is similar to the ground.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מטפח ולמעלן טמא – even though it is attached to the threshold, Rabbi Yehoshua purifies the house, here when then defilement is in the house, Rabbi Yehoshua declares impure the threshold from a handbreadth and higher, because it is the manner of defilement to leave and not to enter. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.
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