Commentaire sur Nida 3:3
הַמַּפֶּלֶת שְׁפִיר מָלֵא מַיִם, מָלֵא דָם, מָלֵא גְנוּנִים, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת לְוָלָד. וְאִם הָיָה מְרֻקָּם, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה:
Si elle fait une fausse couche dans un sac plein d'eau, plein de sang ou plein de brins [de chair], elle n'a pas besoin de se méfier qu'il s'agissait d'un fœtus. Mais si elle était assemblée [sous une forme humaine], elle devrait s'asseoir pendant [le nombre de jours post-partum d'impureté et de pureté requis pour celui qui donne naissance à] un homme et pour [celui qui donne naissance à] une femme.
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
שפיר (sac of a fetus) – a piece of flesh. If it has the form of a human being, it is called a fetus having an articulated shape. But I heard that it is like an egg-shell, therefore it is called a sac.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If a woman aborted a sac full of water, full of blood, or full of pieces of flesh, she need not be concerned that it was a birth. These sacs do not count as births (see Bekhorot 8:1). We don't assume that there was a fetus in them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
מלא גנינים ( see Tractate Niddah 24b) – [an abortion consisting of] a bag full of many-colored substance. Another explanation: גנינים are worms, that the piece of flesh is cut into many thin pieces similar worms.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
But if its limbs were fashioned she must sit for both male and female. If limbs are noticeable in the shape within the sac, then we must be concerned that this was actually a fetus. Assuming that the gender is unknown, the woman must act stringently in both directions, as we explained in yesterday's mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
אינה חוששת לולד – she is not defiled by giving birth. But if there is no blood with them, she should not worry even because of being a menstruating woman.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
תשב לזכר ונקבה impure for two weeks like a woman who gives birth to a female. But she doesn’t have blood of purity (i.e., vaginal bleeding experienced by a woman from eight to forty days after giving birth to a boy and from fifteen to eighty days after giving birth to a girl), other than thirty-three days like a woman who gives birth to a male, for since it is not known/recognized if it is a male or a female, we place upon her the stringencies of the male and the stringencies of a female.
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