Commentaire sur Nida 1:6
וּבַמֶּה אָמְרוּ דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ. בִּרְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה. אֲבָל בַּשְּׁנִיָּה, מְטַמְּאָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְאִם רָאֲתָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מֵאֹנֶס, אַף הַשְּׁנִיָּה דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ:
Et à propos de quoi ont-ils dit que son heure suffit? [Ils ont dit cela] concernant la première observation [de sang], mais par la deuxième [observation], elle est impure [rétroactivement] de cette heure à cette heure [vingt-quatre heures plus tôt]. Et si elle voyait sa première observation à la suite d'une contrainte [c'est-à-dire si elle avait été causée de façon anormale, comme par un accident], même pour la deuxième observation, son heure suffit [pour compter son impureté à partir de ce moment].
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
ובמה אמרו – that four women [fall into the category of those for whom the] time [of first seeing blood] suffices (see Mishnah 3).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Introduction
Today's mishnah offers a qualification to the rule that the women mentioned in mishnayot 3-5 defile only the things that they touched after they noticed that they had their period.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
בראיה ראשונה - that she saw it (i.e., blood) as a virgin, and the pregnant woman [once it is known that the fetus is present] and the nursing mother [when her son is weaned], and the old woman after three periods have gone by for her on account of her old age.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
And of what did they speak when they said that "it suffices [for them to reckon] their period of uncleanness from the time [of their discovering of the flow]"? [This refers to] the first observation, but after a second observation she defiles retroactively for a period of twenty-four hours. The first time one of these women (virgin, nursing woman, pregnant woman or old woman) sees a blood flow, she doesn't retroactively defile anything. But the second time she does, she reverts to the law found in mishnah one of this chapter. Everything she has touched during the previous twenty four hours, or since the last time she examined herself, is considered defiled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
אבל בשניה מטמאה מעת לעת – that she has returned to her previous condition that her blood would be found in her.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If she saw the first flow on account of an accident even it suffices for her even a subsequent observation [to reckon her uncleanness from] the time of her [observing of the flow]. However, if her blood began to flow through some sort of unusual accident (Albeck mentions jumping or out of fright), then the second time she sees blood flow (assumedly not due to an accident) she doesn't retroactively defile things. In other words, since the first occurrence was "accidental" the second blood flow is treated as if it was the first.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
מאונס – as for example that she got excited and saw it (i.e., blood) or on account of fear, or that she consumed something which stirs up the blood.
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