Commentaire sur Menachot 3:6
שְׁנֵי שְׂעִירֵי יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי כִבְשֵׂי עֲצֶרֶת מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. שְׁנֵי סְדָרִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי בְזִיכִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. הַסְּדָרִים וְהַבְּזִיכִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי מִינִים שֶׁבַּנָּזִיר, שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁבַּפָּרָה, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּמְּצֹרָע, מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שֶׁבַע הַזָּיוֹת שֶׁבַּפָּרָה מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. שֶׁבַע הַזָּיוֹת שֶׁל בֵּין הַבַּדִּים, וְשֶׁעַל הַפָּרֹכֶת, וְשֶׁעַל מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב, מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ:
Concernant les deux chèvres de Yom Hakippurim, [l'absence de] l'une invalide l'autre. En ce qui concerne les deux agneaux d' Atzeret [un autre nom pour Chavouot, la fête des moissons], [l'absence de] l'un invalide l'autre. En ce qui concerne les deux pains [qui accompagnent les agneaux], [l'absence de] l'un invalide l'autre. Concernant les deux rangées [du pain de présentation], [l'absence de] l'une invalide l'autre. Concernant les deux plats [d'encens], [l'absence de] l'un invalide l'autre. Concernant les rangées et les plats, [l'absence de] l'un invalide l'autre. En ce qui concerne les deux types [de gâteaux] utilisés dans l'offrande de la nazirite, les trois types utilisés pour la vache rouge, les quatre types [de gâteaux] utilisés dans l'offrande d'action de grâce, les quatre types [d'espèces] utilisés pour le loulav, et les quatre espèces utilisées pour la [purification du] lépreux, [l'absence de] l'une invalide les autres. En ce qui concerne les sept arrosages [du sang] de la vache rouge, [l'absence de] l'un invalide les autres. En ce qui concerne les sept arrosages entre les pôles de l'arche, et de ceux vers le rideau et sur l'autel d'or, [l'absence de] l'un invalide les autres.
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שני שעירי יום הכיפורים – “the goat designated by lot for the LORD” (Leviticus 16:9) and “the goat designated by lot [to be sent] to Azazel” (Leviticus 16:10).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Introduction
This mishnah continues to provide cases where the absence of one element of a mitzvah prevents the entire mitzvah from being fulfilled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שני כבשי עצת – the two yearling-lambs of peace-offerings that come as an obligation on the two loaves (see Leviticus 23:19-20).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Regarding the two goats of Yom Hakippurim, the [absence of] one invalidates the other. On Yom Kippur two male goats are brought, one is sacrificed and one is sent to Azazel. The absence of one goat prevents the fulfillment of any mitzvah with the other goat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שתי חלות – the two loaves of Arzeret/Shavuot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Regarding the two lambs of Shavuot, the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the two loaves [that accompany the lambs] the [absence of] one invalidates the other. On Shavuot two lambs are brought, accompanied by two loaves of bread. If one of the lambs is missing, it prevents one from fulfilling any mitzvah with the other lamb. Similarly, with regard to the loaves.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ושני סדרים – two arrangements [of piles of wood on the altar] of the shewbread, six loaves for each arrangement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Regarding the two rows [of the showbread] the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the two dishes [of frankincense] the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the rows and the dishes the [absence of] one invalidates the other. The showbread consisted of two rows of six loaves. On each row was placed a dish of frankincense. The absence of one of the rows or one of the dishes prevents the fulfillment of the other. And, the absence of the rows prevents one from being able to fulfill the mitzvah of the frankincense, and vice versa, the absence of the dishes prevents the fulfillment of the mitzvah of the showbread.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שני בזיכין – two pans in which there is frankincense, which are placed on the arrangements.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Regarding the: two kinds [of cakes] used in the offering of the nazirite, the three kinds used for the red cow, the four kinds [of cakes] used in the todah, the four kinds [of species] used for the lulav, and the four kinds used for the [purification of the] leper, the [absence of] one invalidates the others. The mishnah now lists a series of mitzvoth that have multiple components, the absence of which prevents the fulfillment of the others. I shall give biblical references for each: Two kinds [of cakes] used in the offering of the nazirite: loaves of matzah and wafers of matzah, see Numbers 6:15. The three kinds used for the red cow: cedar wood, hyssop and crimson thread, see Numbers 19:6. The four kinds [of cakes] used in the todah: loaves of matzah, wafers of matzah, boiled flour, and hametz, see Leviticus 7:12. The four kinds [of species] used for the lulav: palm, myrtle, willow and etrog, see Leviticus 23:40. And the four kinds used for the [purification of the] leper: two birds, cedar wood, hyssop and crimson thread, see Leviticus 14:4.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
הפדרים והבזיכין מעכבין זה את זה – for if the arrangements of the bread are not on the table, he should not place in it the pans/vessels of frankincense. But if there are no pans/vessels, he should not place the bread.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Regarding the seven sprinklings [of the blood] of the red cow the [absence of] one invalidates the others. During the red cow purification ceremony, they sprinkle its blood seven times (see Numbers 19:4). If one of these sprinklings is not done, the entire ceremony is invalid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שני מינים שבנזיר – (see Numbers 6:15) – unleavened cakes and unleavened wafers.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Regarding the seven sprinklings between the staves of the ark, and of those towards the veil and upon the golden altar, the [absence of] one invalidates the others. On Yom Kippur the blood is sprinkled seven times between the staves of the ark, seven times on the curtain and seven times on the golden altar (see Leviticus 16:14-15). If even one of these is not done, they are all invalid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ושלשה שבפרה אדומה – (see Numbers 19:6) – cedar wood, hyssop and crimson stuff.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ארבעה שבתודה – four species of the bread that they bring on the sacrifice of well-being/thanksgiving (see Leviticus 7:12-13) – leavened cakes [with oil mixed in], unleavened wafers [spread with oil] and cakes of choice flour [with oil mixed in, well soaked and cakes of leavened bread.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ארבעה שבלולה – Lulav/palm branches and Etrog/citron fruit, myrtle and willow (see Leviticus 23:40). If he takes all four of them on each day completely, even though he takes one of them in the morning and one of them at eventide, he fulfilled his religious obligation, for we hold that the Lulav does not require binding. But if one of these species is missing and he took all the [other] three, he has not fulfilled the Mitzvah at all.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ארבעה שבמצורע – (see Leviticus 14:6) cedar wood, the crimson stuff and the hyssop, together with the live bird.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שבע הזיות שבפרה – [the seven sprinklings that are connected with the] red heifer , as it is written (Numbers 19:4): “[Eleazar the priest shall take some of the blood with his finger] and sprinkle it seven times towards the front of the Tent of Meeting.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
שבע הזיות של בין הבדים – on Yom Kippur. As it is written (Leviticus 16:14): “and in front of the cover he shall sprinkle some of he blood with his finger seven times.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ושעל הפרוכת ושעל מזבח הזהב – (see also Tractate Zevakhim, Chapter 5, Mishnayot 1-2) on Yom Kippur with the bullock of the anointed priest and with the bull for an unwitting communal sin and the goats for idolatrous worship, all of these require sprinkling on the curtain and on the golden altar like it is explained in the Torah portion of Vayikra and in Aharei Mot, and the goats of idolatrous worship, we increase them from Scripture as it is written (Leviticus 4:20): “He shall do with this bull just as is done with the [priest’s] bull of purification offering.” “With this bull” – this is the bullock of the anointed priest. “The purification/sin offering” – these are the goats of idolatrous worship. And the four gifts that are on the four corners that are on the golden altar also are indispensable one for another, even though they are not mentioned in the Mishnah.
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