Si l'on lit la Méguila dans un ordre inversé, il ne remplit pas son obligation, étant écrit (Esther 9:28): "Et ces jours sont commémorés et célébrés." Tout comme la célébration ne peut pas être inversée (il est impossible que le quinzième précède le quatorzième), de même la commémoration (la lecture de la Méguila) ne peut être inversée.] S'il la lit par cœur, ou en Targum, ou dans n'importe quelle langue, il ne remplit pas son obligation. [("par coeur" :), il est écrit ici "commémoré", et, ailleurs (en ce qui concerne l'éradication d'Amalek - Exode 17:14): "Ecrivez ceci comme une commémoration dans un livre." ("ou en Targum, etc." :) Voici ce que cela signifie: Si un Hébreu le lit en Targum, et qu'il ne le comprend pas; ou s'il le lit dans une autre langue qu'il ne comprend pas, il ne remplit pas son obligation.] Mais il peut être lu à ceux qui parlent une langue étrangère dans leur langue, [pourvu qu'il soit écrit dans cette langue, ainsi qu'il ne la lise pas par cœur.] Et si quelqu'un qui parle une langue étrangère l'entend à Ashurith, il remplit son obligation. [Le grec est comme Ashurith par rapport à cette halakha. C'est juste que le grec original a été perdu et oublié comme nous l'avons écrit ci-dessus (1: 8)].
Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
הקורא את המגלה למפרע לא יצא – As it is written (Esther 9:28): “Consequently, these days are recalled and observed [in every generation...].” Just as [concerning] the observance of these days, it is impossible to [observe them] out of order/in an irregular way, for it is impossible that the fifteenth day would come before the fourteenth day, so too the recalling – which is the reading of the Megillah, out of order, cannot be done.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
Introduction
The Mishnah now begins to talk about how the Megillah is actually read.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
קראה על פה – He did not fulfill [his obligation]. It is written here, נזכרים /observed, and it is written there (Exodus 17:14): "כתוב זאת זכרון בספר"/”Inscribe this in a document as a reminder, [and read it aloud to Joshua…].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
If one reads the Megillah out of order, he has not fulfilled his obligation. The Megillah must be read in order. One cannot skip around and then go back.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
קראה תרגום בכל לשון לא יצא – A Hebrew who read it (i.e., the Megillah) in [an] Aramaic [translation] and does not understand the language of [the] Aramaic [translation], or in all other languages which he does not understand, he has not fulfilled [his obligation regarding the reading of the Megillah].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
If he reads it by heart, if he reads it in a translation [targum], or in any other language, he has not fulfilled his obligation. The Megillah must be read from a scroll. Despite its brevity, it, like other Torah readings, may not be read by memory. It also may not be read using a translation or in any other language, even if it is written in that language. This section refers to a person who understands Hebrew. Such a person who hears in another language has not fulfilled his obligation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
אבל קורין אותה ללועזות בלעז – In that language that they understand, but as long as it is written in that language, for he cannot read it by heart.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
But they may read it to those who do not understand Hebrew in a language other than Hebrew. One who doesn’t understand Hebrew who heard it in Assyrian [Hebrew], has fulfilled his obligation. In contrast, somebody who doesn’t understand Hebrew may fulfill his obligation by hearing the Megillah in a language other than Hebrew. Nevertheless, if a person hears it in Hebrew he has fulfilled his obligation even if he doesn’t understand it. In this aspect Hebrew is greater than the other languages other languages need to be understood while Hebrew does not. Hebrew is referred to as “Assyrian” because it is written using the Assyrian alphabet.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
והלועז ששמע אשורית יצא – And Greek, behold it is like Assyrian, regarding this law, but as we have written above (Chapter 1:8), this language has become lost and forgotten.
