[Si] on secoue un arbre et qu'il tombe sur son voisin [un autre arbre] ou si on secoue sa branche et on tombe sur son voisin, et sous eux se trouvent des graines ou des légumes qui sont [encore] attachés au sol, dit Beit Shammai : Cela atteint BeKhi Yutan , mais Beit Hillel dit: Cela ne réalise pas BeKhi Yutan . Le rabbin Yehoshua a dit au nom d'Abba Yose Choli Kafri, un homme de Tiv'on: Émerveillez-vous de vous-même s'il y a, selon la Torah, un liquide impur [c'est-à-dire qui rend la nourriture sensible à l'impureté] à moins qu'il [le propriétaire ] a l'intention de le placer [sur la nourriture], comme il dit: "Et si de l'eau est placée sur une graine" (Vayikra 11:38).
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
המרעיד את האילן – to cause its fruit to fall down.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If one shook a tree and it fell on another tree, or a branch and it fell on another branch, and under them were seeds or vegetables [still] joined to the ground: Bet Shammai say: this comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. But Bet Hillel say: this does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. Bet Shammai holds that even though the water fell on produce that was still attached to the ground, the water is now sufficient to make other produce susceptible to impurity. In other words, since the water has been intentionally removed from its original place, it now makes produce susceptible. Note that the produce on which it fell is not susceptible because produce attached to the ground is never susceptible. Bet Hillel holds that since the water fell on produce attached to the ground, it is not yet sufficient to make food susceptible. However, if after this the water fell subsequently onto other trees or other branches the water becomes ready to make food susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ונפלו על חברו – on another tree. And from that tree, they fell on seeds and on vegetables that are attached to the ground, and liquid drips on those seeds from the water that regularly waters them or from rains that fell upon them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
R. Joshua said in the name of Abba Yose Holikofri a man of Tivon: Be surprised if there is any liquid that according to the Torah causes susceptibility to uncleanness except one put it on with intention, for it is said: "If water be put upon the seed." Rabbi Joshua holds that liquid causes produce to be susceptible only if it was intentionally put on to food. This is because he reads the verb "be put upon" with different vocalization, which yields, "if one puts upon." In Hebrew the former is "ki yutan" whereas the latter is "ki yiten" the only difference between the two is in vocalization.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
בית שמאי אומרים הרי הן בכי יותן – for since he would know that these fruits would fall upon those seeds that have water dripping upon them, it reveals his intention that it is satisfactory for him, and the fruit that fell upon those seeds were made fit to receive Levitical defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ובית הלל אומרים אינן בכי יותן - since they did not fall directly from the tree on to the seeds but from the tree to another tree [first].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
חלי קופרי – this was his surname.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
טבעון – name of a place.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
עד שיתכוין – and these since they fell from one tree to another tree or from bush to bus, this is not intention, and he states the reasoning of the School of Hillel.
