Si quelqu'un plie la branche d'une vigne dans le sol pour prendre racine, est plié, s'il n'y a pas une couche de trois largeurs de main de terre au-dessus, il ne peut pas y apporter de graines. [C'est la loi] même s'il l'a pliée dans une gourde [séchée] ou une pipe [en terre cuite]. S'il l'a plié dans un rocher, même s'il n'y a que trois doigts de terre au-dessus, il est autorisé à y apporter [semer] des graines. Si une vigne a été pliée de telle manière que la tige principale soit souterraine, nous ne mesurons [les six largeurs de main] qu'à partir de la deuxième racine [l'endroit où elle monte du sol et redevient visible].
English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
Introduction
The first three mishnayot of our chapter deal with an ancient vineyard farming technique called “bending” or “havracha” in Hebrew. Basically one takes a vine bends it into the ground and then takes the other head of the vine out of the ground in another place from where it will grow a new vine. The advantage gained through this technique is that he now gets a new vine that is in a sense “nursed” by its mother vine, at least for the time being. This is less risky and simpler than starting a new vine from scratch. Using this technique one can also allow more vines in his vineyard. The mishnah deals with the implications that this technique has on the laws of kilayim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
If one has bent a vine into the ground [and then brought it back up elsewhere], then if there is not soil over it to the height of three handbreadths, he may not sow seed above it, even if he bent [and conducted it underground] through a gourd or through a pipe. The issue here is whether one can plant seeds on top of the vine that is being conducted underground. The mishnah states that if there are not three handbreadths of soil above the vine he may not sow seeds there. This rule holds true even if he conducted the vine through a dried-out gourd, which would have been used as a pipe, or a regular pipe made out of clay. Since the seeds can pierce the walls of the gourd or the clay pipe, they are not sufficient to cause a break between the seeds and the vine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
If he bent it [and conducted] it through rocky soil, then even if there is not soil over it to the height of three handbreadths, it is permitted to sow seed above it. However, if the soil is rocky and the seeds will not be able to penetrate it and thereby come into contact with the vine, then he does not need three handbreadths of separation.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
As for a knee-like vine [formed by burying and conducting it underground], they don’t measure [for how much space to work it] except from its second root. When the vine is taken out of the ground after having been conducted from there from the mother vine, it will bend down and form a knee-like point which is called an “avrucha.” When measuring how much space the vine needs to be worked, they measure from the second spot where the vine seems to come out of the ground, at this joint, and not from the root where it first comes out of the ground.
