Commentaire sur Kil'ayim 3:5
נוֹטֵעַ אָדָם קִשּׁוּת וּדְלַעַת לְתוֹךְ גֻּמָּא אַחַת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא זוֹ נוֹטָה לְצַד זֶה, וְזוֹ נוֹטָה לְצַד זֶה, וְנוֹטֶה שֵׂעָר שֶׁל זוֹ לְכָאן, וְשֵׂעָר שֶׁל זוֹ לְכָאן. שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים, לֹא גָזְרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעָיִן:
Un homme peut planter des concombres et des gourdes dans le même trou, à condition que celui-ci se penche vers ce côté [du trou] et que celui-ci se penche vers l'autre côté, et que le feuillage de celui-ci se penche de ce côté et le feuillage de celui-ci se penche de l'autre côté, car quoi que les Sages interdisent [en l'occurrence le kilayim ], ils n'ont décrété que pour les apparences.
English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
Introduction
This mishnah teaches that one can sometimes plant two different species in one hole, as long as it doesn’t look like kilayim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
One may plant a cucumber and a gourd in one hole, as long as this [species] inclines in one direction, and the other [species] in the opposite direction. It is permitted to plant a cucumber and a gourd plant in one hole, as long as the leaves are inclining in opposite directions, so that it doesn’t look like kilayim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
And he should tip the leaves of one [species] one way, and the other the opposite way, since all that the sages prohibited [in matters of kilayim] they only decreed because of appearance. This entire section is missing from good manuscripts of the mishnah and is clearly a later addition, meant to explain section one. The main point is that from the Torah kilayim are only prohibited if the two species are actually mixed together. The rabbis added that if the two species look like they are mixed together, then it is prohibited “derabanan.” In the case of the cucumber and gourd whose leaves incline in opposite directions, since it doesn’t look like the two are intertwined, it is not prohibited at all.
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