Commentaire sur Kiddouchine 4:2
וְאֵלּוּ הֵם שְׁתוּקֵי, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מַכִּיר אֶת אִמּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר אֶת אָבִיו. אֲסוּפֵי, כֹּל שֶׁנֶּאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר לֹא אָבִיו וְלֹא אִמּוֹ. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל הָיָה קוֹרֵא לִשְׁתוּקֵי, בְּדוּקֵי:
Qui est un "shetuki"? Celui qui connaît sa mère, mais pas son père. [Il appelle son père et sa mère le "fait taire" (mashtikah otho)]. (Qui est) un "asufi"? Quiconque est recueilli (ne'esaf) du marché, et ne connaît ni son père ni sa mère. Abba Shaul appellerait un shetuki un «beduki». [Nous "examinons" (bodkin) sa mère. Si sa mère dit qu'elle a cohabité avec un qui était kasher, l'enfant est kasher. La halakha est conforme à Abba Shaul.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
שתוקי. כל שהוא מכיר את אמו – that he calls, “Daddy,” but his mother silences him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned of two genealogical categories which we previously have not encountered: the foundling and the hushling. Our mishnah defines these two categories.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
בדוקי – that they examine the mother. If she said that she was impregnated by an appropriate individual, the child is appropriate. And the Halakha is according to Abba Shaul.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
These are they: a hushling (: he who knows who his mother is but not his father; A shtuki or a hushling is a kid who knows who his mother is, but doesn’t know who his father is. The word “shtuki” comes from the word for silence. When you ask the kid who his father is he is quiet because he doesn’t know.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
A foundling (: he who was gathered in from the marketplace and knows neither his father nor his mother. An asufi or a foundling is a kid found in the streets who doesn’t know who his parents are. The word “asufi” comes from the word to be gathered, because he is gathered in from the streets.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Abba Saul used to call the hushling (, “checked one” (b’. Abba Saul would call the shtuki a b’duki (a checked one). The different name reflects a different halakhic position. According to Abba Shaul the child’s mother is believed to testify that the father is so-and-so. This is according to Rabban Gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer in Ketubot 1:8-9.
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