Commentaire sur Kiddouchine 2:2
הִתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בְכוֹס זֶה שֶׁל יַיִן, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁל דְּבָשׁ. שֶׁל דְּבָשׁ, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁל יַיִן. בְּדִינָר זֶה שֶׁל כֶּסֶף, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁל זָהָב. שֶׁל זָהָב, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁל כֶּסֶף. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי עָשִׁיר, וְנִמְצָא עָנִי. עָנִי, וְנִמְצָא עָשִׁיר, אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הִטְעָהּ לְשֶׁבַח, מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת:
(S'il disait :) "Soyez fiancé à moi pour cette coupe de vin", et il s'est avéré que c'était du miel; de miel, et il s'est avéré être du vin; avec ce dinar d'argent, et il s'est avéré être d'or; d'or, et il s'est avéré être d'argent; à condition que je sois riche et qu'il soit trouvé pauvre; que je suis pauvre, et il a été trouvé riche—elle n'est pas fiancée. [Pour certains (les femmes) préfèrent celui-là; et d'autres, l'autre]. R. Shimon dit: S'il l'a trompée à son avantage, elle est fiancée. [R. Shimon ne diffère que par l'avantage monétaire; mais avec un «avantage de pedigree», comme: un Lévite, et il s'est avéré être un Cohein, il admet que même s'il l'a trompée (ou qu'elle l'a trompé) à son avantage, elle n'est pas fiancée. Car son pedigree supérieur n'est pas nécessairement souhaitable pour elle, en ce qu'il pourrait le pousser à la vanité. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Shimon.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
“with this silver denar,” and it is found to be of gold, or “of gold” and it is found to be of silver;
“on condition that I am wealthy,” and he is found to be poor, or “poor” and he is found to be rich, she is not betrothed.
Rabbi Shimon says: if he deceives her to [her] advantage, she is betrothed.
A man may not deceptively betroth a woman; she must agree to her betrothal with full understanding of what he is giving her and under what conditions. This mishnah deals with a man who somewhat deceptively attempts to betroth a woman.
In each case in this mishnah, the husband makes an incorrect statement as part of the betrothal formula. For instance, he states that he is betrothing her with a cup of a certain liquid and it turns out to be a different liquid. Alternatively, he says that he is betrothing her with a certain type of coin and it turns out to be a different coin. Finally, he tells her that he is of a certain economic status and he is not. According to the first opinion, since the facts as he stated them are incorrect, the betrothal is ineffective. This is true even if he deceived her to her own advantage. For instance, he said that he was giving her a cup of wine and it turned out to be a cup of honey, which is more valuable than wine. According to the first opinion, we don’t reason that a woman who would agree to be betrothed to a certain man with a cup of wine would also agree to such a betrothal if done with a cup of honey, since she could always sell the honey to buy wine. Rather, the betrothal statement must be accurate.
Rabbi Shimon disagrees. He holds that if the deception is clearly to her advantage, the betrothal is valid. Therefore, if he says that the cup was honey and it turned out to be wine (cheaper) she is not betrothed. But if he told her that the cup was wine and it turned out to be honey, she is betrothed.