Toute mitsva qui est une fonction de la terre n'obtient que dans la terre, et toute mitsva qui n'est pas une fonction de la terre obtient à la fois dans la terre et à l'extérieur. [Toute mitsva qui lie son corps est appelée "non fonction de la terre"; et toute mitsva qui lie la terre est appelée "une fonction de la terre"] sauf arlah (fruit interdit des trois premières années) [qui obtient (même) en dehors de la terre—une halakha à Moïse sur le Sinaï] et kilayim (greffes interdites). [Et les mélanges de la vigne (k'lai hakerem) sont rabbiniquement interdits en dehors d'Eretz Yisrael, et les mélanges de graines (k'lai z'raim) sont autorisés à être semés en dehors d'Eretz Yisrael]. R. Eliezer dit: Aussi chadash (nouveau grain, avant Pessa'h) [est la Torah interdite en dehors de la terre, même si elle lie la terre, il est écrit (Lévitique 23:14): "dans toutes vos habitations"— où que vous habitiez (même en dehors d'Eretz Yisrael)].
Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
כל מצוה שאינה תלויה בארץ – Every commandment which is for the requirements of the body is called, ‘which is not tied to the land [of Israel],” and that which is for the requirement of the land [of Israel], is called, “which is tied to the land [of Israel].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Introduction
This mishnah deals with commandments which are “dependent on the land.” “Dependent on the land” refers to commandments which are agricultural in nature, such as the giving of the first fruits, tithes, terumah, the leaving of corners of fields etc.
The reason that this mishnah is here is its linguistic connection to the previous mishnayoth, especially mishnah seven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
חוץ מן הערלה – which applies outside the Land [of Israel], a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional law, or traditional interpretation of a written law). But mixed seats in the vineyard outside of the Land [of Israel] (see Mishnah Kilyaim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 1) are Rabbinic, and it is permitted to sow mixed seeds outside the Land of Israel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kiddushin
Every commandment which is dependent on the land is practiced only in the land [of Israel]; and every commandment which is not dependent on the land is practiced both in and outside the land, except orlah and kilayim. Rabbi Elazar says: also [the prohibition of] new produce. In general, all commandments which are connected to the land are practiced only in the land of Israel. There are some commandments such as tefillin concerning which the Torah uses language such as “When God brings you into the land…” (Exodus 13:5). One might have thought that these commandments would only be obligatory for a Jew living in the land of Israel. The mishnah, however, says that the distinction between commandments observed in and outside of Israel is not the language used in the Torah but rather whether or not the observance of the commandment itself is tied to land. The only exceptions to this rule are “orlah” and “kilayim.” “Orlah” is the prohibition of using the fruit of a tree for its first three years. “Kilayim” refers to the prohibition of planting wheat in a vineyard. Rabbi Elazar adds to the list of exceptions the prohibition of new produce. This refers to the prohibition from eating from the new grain harvest until the omer sacrifice is brought on the sixteenth of Nisan (see Leviticus 23:14).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kiddushin
ר' אליעזר אומר: אף החדש – It is prohibited outside the Land of Israel from the Torah, even though it is an obligation of the land, as it states (Leviticus 23:21): “in all your settlements [throughout the ages].” In every place where you dwell. And the Halakah is according to Rabbi Eliezer.ו
