Commentaire sur Ketoubot 3:2

וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ יְתֵרוֹת עַל בְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁנִּפְדֵּית, הֲרֵי הִיא בִקְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגְּדוֹלָה. הַבָּא עַל בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנוֹ, עַל בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנָהּ, עַל בַּת בִּתָּהּ, אֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, שֶׁמִּיתָתוֹ בִידֵי בֵית דִּין. וְכָל הַמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, אֵין מְשַׁלֵּם מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ:

Et ceux-ci ne reçoivent pas de knass: celui qui vit avec un prosélyte, une captive, ou une esclave qui avait été rachetée, prosélytisée et libérée quand ils avaient plus de trois ans et un jour. [Car puisqu'ils sont aptes à la cohabitation, ils sont considérés comme "abandonnés", et ils cohabitent avec quand ils sont païens, comme l'est la femme captive en captivité.] R. Yehudah dit: Une femme captive qui a été rachetée reste " dans sa sainteté "[et on ne suppose pas qu'elle a été vécue avec] même [si elle a été enlevée] quand elle a grandi. [La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Yehudah.] Si quelqu'un vit avec sa fille, la fille de sa fille, la fille de son fils, la fille de sa femme, la fille de son fils et la fille de sa fille, ils ne reçoivent pas de knass, car il est passible de mort, sa mort (peine) étant aux mains de Beth-Din; et tous ceux qui sont passibles de mort ne paient pas d'argent, il est écrit (Exode 21:22): "et il n'y aura pas de mort, alors le châtiment sera exigé" [mais s'il y a mort, l'un des deux hommes qui combattent étant tué, alors celui qui l'a tué n'est pas puni en payant de l'argent, car il est passible de la peine de mort judiciaire pour l'avoir tué. Et cela ne fait aucune différence dans une transgression passible de la peine de mort judiciaire, que l'acte soit volontaire ou involontaire.—il est toujours exempt de paiement monétaire. Mais dans une transgression passible de kareth ou de rayures, on n'est pas exempté de paiement à moins qu'il y ait des témoins et un avertissement et qu'il reçoive des coups de feu, auquel cas il ne paie pas.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot

יתריות על בנות שלש שנים – for since they are appropriate for coition with the legal presumption that they are ownerless, and they had intercourse in their gentile status, and the captive woman while she is in her captivity.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot

Introduction This mishnah teaches those cases opposite of those mentioned in yesterday’s mishnah.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot

הרי היא בקדושתה – and she is not in the legal status of one no longer a virgin even though she had been taken captive while she was an adult, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot

And in the following cases there is no fine:
If a man had intercourse with a female convert, a female captive or a slave-woman, who was redeemed, converted or freed after the age of three years and a day. Rabbi Judah says: a female captive who was redeemed is considered to be in her state of holiness (a even if she is of majority age. In these cases the women are assumed to be non-virgins, and hence do not receive the fine. Rabbi Judah rules that any captive who is redeemed is assumed not to have been raped and is therefore a virgin.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot

ולא יהיה און ענוש יענש – surely if there will be an accident with one of these two people who are arguing that one of them was killed , the person who killed is not punished monetarily for he is liable death penalty by the Jewish court because they killed this one, there is no difference regarding the sin which makes one liable for death by the Jewish court whether inadvertently or willfully, is always exempt from payment/indemnity, but concerning a transgression where one is liable for extirpation through it, or stripes/flogging, he is not exempt from payment/indemnity until there will be witnesses and warning and he will be flogged and then does not pay.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot

A man who had intercourse with his daughter, his daughter's daughter, his son's daughter, his wife's daughter, her son's daughter or her daughter's daughter does not pay the fine, because he forfeits his life, for his death is in the hands of the court, and he who forfeits his life pays no monetary fine for it is said, “And yet no other damage ensues he shall be fined” (Exodus 21:2. Having intercourse with these women is a capital crime. Since the man is liable for the death penalty, he does not pay the fine, for there is a principle that one cannot be executed and pay a fine. This is learned exegetically from the words in Exodus 21:22. The case under discussion is when a man strikes a woman causing her to miscarry. The Torah states that if there is no other “damage”, then he must pay the fine. The interpretation is that if the woman herself doesn’t die, then the striker pays a fine for having caused her to miscarry. Had she died, the striker would have been a murderer and would not have paid the fine. Note that this is true even if the damages were caused accidentally. Although one cannot be executed for an accidental murder, the rule of the Mishnah is that anytime a person commits a crime which is punishable by death had it been committed with intention, he is exempt from the fine.

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