Si quelqu'un était sur la route et qu'il commençait à faire sombre, et qu'il reconnaissait un arbre ou une clôture [qu'il aurait pu atteindre avant qu'il ne fasse noir, mais il était fatigué et il souhaitait se reposer à sa place], et il a dit : «Mon habitation est en dessous», il n'a rien dit. [Puisqu'il n'a pas précisé les quatre coudées qu'il a choisies sous l'arbre, cela ne constitue pas une (acquisition de) habitation, et il n'a que quatre coudées là où il se trouve. Car il n'a pas acquis une habitation à sa place, puisqu'il a «déraciné» cette intention. Et lui, de même, ne l'acquit pas sous l'arbre. Il n'en est ainsi que lorsqu'il y a huit coudées ou plus sous l'arbre, auquel cas on pourrait dire qu'il a choisi un côté ou l'autre, de sorte qu'il n'y a pas de désignation spécifique. Mais avec sept coudées, forcément, "une partie de sa maison" (c'est-à-dire son habitation) se distingue dans la coudée médiane. Car s'il a choisi quatre coudées au milieu de l'arbre, c'est (une partie) d'entre elles; et si (il a choisi quatre coudées) de chaque côté, c'est d'eux— de sorte qu'il y acquiert une habitation.] (S'il a dit :) "Mon habitation est à son tronc", [(Puisqu'il a désigné l'endroit, cette habitation acquiert pour lui)], il marche à une distance de deux mille coudées de ses pieds jusqu'à son tronc, et de son tronc jusqu'à sa maison, deux mille coudées — de sorte que lorsque les ténèbres descendent, il a parcouru une distance de quatre mille coudées.
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
והיה מכיר אילן או גדר – that he is able to arrive there prior to it getting dark, but that he is tired and wants to rest in his place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah discusses a person who doesn’t make it back to his town before Shabbat begins, but arrives at a place where he recognizes a tree or a fence within 2000 cubits from his town.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
לא אמר כלום – since he did not specify which four cubits he chose for himself from under the tree it is not a Sabbath resting place, and he has nothing other than the four cubits where he is, for he did not acquire a Sabbath resting place in his location since he uprooted his mind from making a Sabbath resting place here and also under the tree, he did not acquire a Sabbath resting place but these words apply when there are eight cubits or more underneath the tree for it would be possible to state that he chose this side or that he chose that side and there wouldn’t be a conclusion, but seven cubits, by force, part of his home would be recognized with the middle cubit, for it is impossible that he did not specify/verify, for if it was the middle of the tree, he specified four cubits, they are part of that, or if it were from one side or the other side, it is part of them, therefore, he acquired there [a Sabbath resting place].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
One who was on a journey and it became dark, and he recognized a tree or a fence and said, “Let my Shabbat place be under it”, he has said nothing. A “Shabbat place” is the place from which we measure the 2000 cubits which a person may walk on Shabbat. One who says “let my Shabbat place be under it [the tree or fence]” is not specific enough because he did not say which four cubits under the tree will be his “Shabbat place”. In the Talmud, two amoraim (sages who lived after the Mishnah) debate what this means. According to Rav, he cannot even walk to the tree and all he has is four cubits in each direction. Since he did not acquire a Shabbat place under the tree, he has no Shabbat place at all. According to Shmuel, he may walk to the tree or fence, but he may not walk from there to his house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אמר שביתתי בעיקרו – for since he concluded his place of that Sabbath resting place, he acquires for himself two thousand [cubits] to the side of his feet and two thousand [cubits] to the side of his house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If he said, “Let my Shabbat place be at its root”, he may walk from the place where he stands to its root a distance of two thousand cubits, and from its root to his house another two thousand cubits. Thus he can walk four thousand cubits after dusk. If he says “at its root”, then he has been specific about where he wants his Shabbat place to be, and he may go from his current position to the tree and then from the tree to his home. His Shabbat place is at the tree or fence and so he may walk 2000 cubits to get there and then another 2000 cubits in all directions from there.
