R. Yehudah b. Bava a dit plus loin: Il est permis de transporter dans un jardin et un karpef qui font soixante-dix coudées et un reste de soixante-dix coudées et un reste entouré d'une porte de dix tefachim de haut [Puisqu'il a énoncé une rigueur vis-à-vis des planches, c'est-à-dire, qu'ils ne peuvent être utilisés que pour un puits public, et il énonce maintenant une autre rigueur, que même lorsque servir pour l'habitation plus que beth sa'atayim n'était pas autorisé, «plus» est indiqué.] tant qu'il y aura à l'intérieur un observateur cabine [(car même si elle sert d'habitation, seul beth sa'atayim est autorisé, et pas plus)], ou une maison pour habiter, ou (aussi longtemps qu'elle soit) près de la ville. [Car comme il est proche de sa maison, il a l'intention de l'utiliser constamment, de sorte qu'il est considéré comme servant à l'habitation.] R. Yehudah dit: Même s'il n'y a à l'intérieur qu'un trou, une fosse ou une grotte, il peut y porter. R. Akiva dit: même si rien de ce qui précède ne s'y trouve, il peut porter en lui, tant qu'il y aura en son sein soixante-dix coudées et un reste (quatre tefachim) par soixante-dix coudées et un reste. [Et pas plus. Et le premier tanna, ci-dessus (2: 3), à savoir: «Ils lui dirent: Ils disaient 'beth sa'atayim' seulement pour un jardin ou un karpef, mais dans un corral, ou un sachar, ou un chatzer, etc."—que tanna tient aussi avec R. Akiva, que là où il y a une habitation, seul beth sa'atayim est autorisé. Où diffèrent-ils? Le gemara explique qu'ils diffèrent en ce qui concerne la petite quantité par laquelle beth sa'atayim dépasse soixante-dix coudées et un reste au carré, le premier tanna soutenant qu'un beth sa'atayim complet est autorisé; et R. Akiva, soixante-dix coudées et un reste de soixante-dix coudées et un reste et pas plus. Et d'où tirons-nous que Beth sa'atayim est plus grand que soixante-dix coudées et un reste au carré? Le gemara demande: Combien coûte sa'atayim? (Et il répond :) Comme le parvis du tabernacle, dont il est écrit (Exode 27:18): "La longueur du parvis sera de cent coudées, et sa largeur, de cinquante sur cinquante. Et il est expliqué: Quelle est l'intention de «cinquante sur cinquante»? La Torah nous dit: prenez les cinquante dont la longueur dépasse la largeur et «entourez» les cinquante qui restent pour arriver à la limite (autorisée) du sabbat—soixante-dix coudées et quatre tefachim au carré. Comment? Faites-en cinq bandes de dix coudées de large sur cinquante coudées de long. Placez-en un à l'est (du cinquante par cinquante) et un autre à l'ouest, de sorte que nous ayons maintenant soixante-dix de large sur cinquante de long. Placez-en un (bande) au sud et un autre au nord, et nous en avons maintenant soixante-dix sur soixante-dix; mais les coins sont défectueux (c'est-à-dire non remplis), chaque coin étant de dix par dix coudées en raison de l'addition. De la cinquième bande, prenez quatre morceaux de dix (par dix) avec lesquels remplir les quatre coins. Prenez les dix autres, qui sont soixante tefachim sur soixante tefachim (1 coudée = six tefachim), et faites-en trente bandes de deux tefachim chacune, chacune de dix coudées de long—tous ensemble, trois cents coudées de long. Placez soixante-dix de chaque côté, de sorte qu'il y ait maintenant soixante-dix coudées et quatre tefachim par soixante-dix coudées et quatre tefachim. Mais les coins sont défectueux, deux tefachim par deux tefachim. Cela vous laisse vingt coudées. Prenez huit tefachim et remplissez les coins. Il vous reste dix-huit coudées et quatre tefachim de longueur sur deux coudées de largeur. Et c'est la «petite quantité». Car si vous les répartissez de manière égale, la largeur supplémentaire équivaut aux deux tiers d'un doigt. Car il faut en faire une bande de 283 coudées de long pour entourer les quatre côtés. C'est ainsi que je l'ai trouvé expliqué dans Rachi, et c'est correct. Rambam «a cherché de nombreux comptes», mais je n'ai pas pu le comprendre. La décision est conforme à R. Akiva dans "Même si rien de ce qui précède ne s'y trouve, il peut y porter". Mais dans sa divergence avec les sages de "Ils lui ont dit, etc." ci-dessus, soutenant qu'il doit être (au plus) soixante-dix et un reste (quatre tefachim) par soixante-dix et un reste, et pas plus—en cela, la halakha est conforme aux sages. Car il est permis avec Beth sa'atayim, comme (la zone de) la cour du tabernacle, qui est un peu plus de soixante-dix coudées et un reste au carré.] R. Eliezer dit: Si sa longueur était supérieure à sa largeur par paire. une coudée, il n'est pas permis d'y porter [même s'il a réduit la largeur et ajouté à la longueur, de sorte que dans l'ensemble il n'y avait pas plus de Beth sa'atayim. Car ce n'est qu'un carré que les rabbins ont permis quand il ne sert pas d'habitation.] R. Yossi dit: Même si sa longueur était deux fois sa largeur, il est permis d'y porter. [La halakha est conforme à R. Yossi, qui diffère de R. Eliezer, un carré n'étant pas nécessaire.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ועוד א"ר יהודה בן בבא – because he said one stringent thing regarding boards when he said that we don’t make them other than for a public well, and now he stated another stringency, for even if surrounding the dwelling, they did not permit more than from two Se’ah’s space (i.e., 70 2/3 cubits square); because of this it (i.e., the Mishnah) teaches "ועוד" /”and furthermore.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
In mishnah three we learned that the maximum size of a garden or karpaf (enclosed area for storing wood) within which one may carry on Shabbat is two bet se’ah, or 5000 square cubits, the size of the mishkan (tabernacle) which was 100 cubits by 50 cubits. Our mishnah discusses a square garden or karpaf.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שומירה – a booth/shed for watchmen and even though it surrounds the dwelling it is two Se’ah in size which is permitted, but not more.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah ben Bava further said: a garden or a karpaf whose [area does not exceed] seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction, which is surrounded by a fence ten handbreadths high, it is permitted to carry within it, provided there is in it a watchman’s hut or a dwelling place or it is near to a town. If the garden or karpaf is square its sides can be 70 and a fraction cubits long. Most commentators consider this “fraction” to be up to 2/3. 70 2/3 squared is 4993 7/9, a number pretty close to the maximum 5000 (the square root of 5000 is 70.71...). Other commentators reckon the exact fraction slightly differently. Rabbi Judah ben Bava also requires that the garden or karpaf be at least partially enclosed to serve as living quarters (see mishnah three). If it has a watchman’s hut, or is used even temporarily as a dwelling place he may carry witin it. Additionally, if it is close enough to town (within 2000 cubits, the Shabbat limit see introduction) then he frequently goes there and it is as if he lives in it. If it does not meet these requirements Rabbi Judah ben Bava forbids carrying there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
סמוכה לעיר – for since it is near to his house, his intention is to use it always and is like it surrounding the house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah says: even if it contained only a cistern, a ditch or a cave it is permitted to carry within it. According to Rabbi Judah, in order to be allowed to carry in the garden or karpaf they need not serve as dwelling places, but they must have been enclosed to serve some purpose for human beings (and not just to store things). A cistern and a ditch are used to collect rain water and a cave protects a person from the hot sun.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ובלבד שתהא שבעים ושירים על שבעים ושירים – but not more, for the First Tanna/teacher also, above (Chapter 2, Mishnah 3), that they (i.e., the Rabbis) said to him: they did not state two Se’ah other than for a garden and an enclosed space (of seventy square cubits) outside of a town or a settlement, but if it was a shed (for cattle)/store-house or an enclosure (for cattle) or a courtyard, etc., it is according to Rabbi Akiva who stated it, for where there is a dwelling place, and even many of them also, and it is not surrounded by two Se’ah for a dwelling. And what is the difference between them? We stated in the Gemara (Talmud Eruvin 23b) that there is a small amount of difference between them, for two Se’ah is larger than seventy cubits and a fraction (i.e. 70 2/3 cubits) square for the first Tanna/teacher permits two complete Se’ah and Rabbi Akiva seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction (i.e. 70 2/3 cubits but no further. But how did we know that two Se’ah is more than seventy cuits and a fraction squared, for we said in the Gemara (Talmud Eruvin 23b) and how much are the two Se’ah? Like the courtyard of the Tabernacle/Mishkan and it is written about the courtyard of the Tabernacle (Exodus 27:18): “The length of the enclosure shall be a hundred cubits, and the width fifty throughout.” And we expound: What is "חמשים בחמשים" /”fifty throughout?” The Torah stated: Take fifty whose length is greater than its width and surround the fifty remaining to the measure of Shabbat which would be for them seventy cubits and four handbreadths square. How so? He made from them five strips of ten cubits wide and their length was fifty. Take one to the east and one to the west, its width is seventy and its length is fifty. Place one to the south and one to the north, one has seventy [cubits] by seventy [cubits], but the corners are impaired for each corner by ten by ten because of the addition that had been added. Take from the fifth strip four pieces of ten apiece and place them on the four corners and they will be filled. Take ten [cubits] by ten [cubits] that are remaining which are sixty handbreadths [by sixty handbreadths] and make of them strips of two handbreadths – that makes thirty strips the length of each one is ten cubits which are three-hundred cubits, put seventy in each direction that makes seventy [cubits] and four handbreadths by seventy cubits and four handbreadths, but the corners are impaired by two handbreadths by two handbreadths. And there remained in your hand twenty cubits: take from them eight handbreadths and place them on the corners and they will be filled, and there will remain in your hand eighteen cubits and four handbreadths length with the width of two handbreadths, and that is a small mount, and if you came to divide them and to surround [it], it does not reach the addition for the width two-thirds fingers for you have to make of it a strap of two hundred and eighty-three [cubits] length to encompass the four directions. Such I have found in the explanation of this approach in the commentary of Rashi, and it is correct. But Maimonides requested many calculations and I did not go down to the end of this knowledge and in what Rabbi Akiva said: Even if there isn’t even one of these things we carry in it, the Halakha is according to him, but what he is in dispute with the Sages and they said to him that above and he holds that seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction and no more – in this, the Halakha is according to the Sages. For the two Se’ah is like the courtyard of the Tabernacle is permitted for it is a small amount more than seventy cubits and a fraction squared.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Akiva says: even if it contained none of these it is permitted to carry within it, provided its area [does not exceed] seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction. Rabbi Akiva says that as long as the karpaf or garden do not exceed the maximum size, it is permitted to carry within them, no matter what they are used for.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אם היתה ארכה יותר כעל רחבה – and even though he reduced its width and added on to its length, there isn’t in all of it other than two-Seah – we don’t carry for it is something squared that the Rabbis permitted where it is not surrounded for living. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi who disputes with Rabbi Eliezer and does not required squared.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Eliezer says: if its length exceeded its breadth even by a single cubit it is not permitted to carry within it. Rabbi Eliezer says that one can only carry in a square karpaf or garden and not in a rectangular one.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Yose says: even if its length is twice its breadth it is permitted to carry within it. Rabbi Yose says that the garden and karpaf can be rectangular or square. They can even be more rectangular than the mishkan, whose length was twice its width (100 x 50 cubits).
