Commentaire sur Démaï 6:4
יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁקִּבֵּל מִכֹּהֵן וּמִלֵּוִי, הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת לַבְּעָלִים. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, הַקַּרְתָּנִי שֶׁקִּבֵּל שָׂדֶה מִירוּשַׁלְמִי, מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל יְרוּשַׁלְמִי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יָכוֹל הוּא הַקַּרְתָּנִי לַעֲלוֹת וּלְאָכְלוֹ בִירוּשָׁלָיִם:
Un Juif qui a reçu [un champ] d'un prêtre ou d'un Lévite; les dîmes vont au propriétaire. Le rabbin Yishmael dit: "Celui des provinces qui a reçu un champ d'un Jérusalemite; le Ma'aser Sheni [deuxième dîme, qui doit être mangée à Jérusalem] est la propriété du Jérusalemite." Les Sages disent: "Celui des provinces peut monter à Jérusalem et y manger lui-même."
English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
Introduction The first half of this mishnah is the mirror image of yesterday’s mishnah here an Israelite rents a field from a priest or a Levite. The second half of the mishnah deals with a person who lives outside of Jerusalem who rents a field from a Jerusalemite. The question in this section deals with second tithe, which has to be brought to Jerusalem and eaten there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
המעשרות לבעלים – in this, even the Rabbis dispute upon that of Rabbi Eliezer {above in the previous Mishnah}, they agree, for since the field is of the owners, it is the place of Tithes, he left over the remnants [for them].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
If an Israelite rented a field from a priest or from a Levite [for a share in the produce] the tithes belong to the owners [of the field]. When the priest or Levite rented out the field to the Israelite, we can assume that he understood that he (the owner) was going to keep the terumah and tithes solely for himself. Therefore, when they go to split the produce, the owner first takes the terumah (if he is a priest) or tithes (if he is a Levite) and then the owner and the renter split the rest of the produce according to the plan.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
הקרתני – the language of קריה/townsman or village, meaning to say, a person who dwells in the town in the village (i.e., provincial), for such is the manner of villagers to lease a field from the those dwelling in walled cities [like Jerusalem].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
Rabbi Ishmael says: if a city dweller [from outside of Jerusalem] rented a field from a Jerusalemite, the second tithe belongs to the inhabitant of Jerusalem. But the sages say: the city dweller may go up and eat the second tithe in Jerusalem. Second tithes are brought to Jerusalem and eaten there. In the scenario in this section, a person who lives in Jerusalem rents a field to someone who lives outside of Jerusalem. According to Rabbi Ishmael, we assume that the Jerusalemite rented the field out with the understanding that he himself would receive the second tithe. Therefore, the one renting the field has to first give the entire second tithe to the owner and then they split the produce according to the agreement. The sages disagree, noting that second tithe is not generally given to the residents of Jerusalem; it is consumed there by its owners. Therefore, second tithe is treated here like all of the rest of the produce. The renter takes his share of the second tithe and then he can bring it to Jerusalem and eat it there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
יכול הוא הקרתני וכו' – therefore everyone takes his par in the Second Tithe [by going up to Jerusalem to consume it there]. And such is the Halakha.
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