Commentaire sur Bekhorot 7:7
אֵלּוּ כְּשֵׁרִין בָּאָדָם, וּפְסוּלִין בַּבְּהֵמָה, אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ, וּטְרֵפָה, וְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן, (וְשֶׁנֶּעֶבְדָה בָהֶן עֲבֵרָה, וְשֶׁהֵמִית אֶת הָאָדָם). הַנּוֹשֵׂא נָשִׁים בַּעֲבֵרָה, פָּסוּל, עַד שֶׁיַּדִּיר הֲנָיָה. הַמִּטַּמֵּא לַמֵּתִים, פָּסוּל, עַד שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא מִטַּמֵּא לַמֵּתִים:
Les éléments suivants sont valides pour une personne mais non valables pour un animal. Un et son enfant [un le même jour], un treifah [possession d'une condition organique qui causera la mort dans l'année], un né par césarienne, (ou si un péché [de bestialité] a été commis avec ou par eux ou si il a tué une personne). Celui qui épouse des femmes qui lui sont interdites est inapte tant qu'il n'a pas fait le vœu de ne pas bénéficier d'elle. Celui qui touche des cadavres est invalide jusqu'à ce qu'il accepte sur lui-même de ne pas toucher les cadavres.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אותו ואת בנו – a father and son who are Kohanim perform Temple service on the same day and at the same time. But the progenitor and his offspring of animals are not offered up on the same day (see Tractate Hullin, Chapter 5, Mishnah 1).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
Today’s mishnah deals with blemishes that do not disqualify human beings, even though they do disqualify animals from being sacrifices.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
וטריפה – that was born with one of the signs of a (fatal) organic disease -which are delineated in the chapter [three – Tractate Hullin] “These are the Treifah carcasses” (see Mishnah 1 – regarding cattle, and Mishnah 3 among fowl), which is not offered on the Altar.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
The following are fit in the case of human beings, but unfit in the case of animals:
A father with his son, It is forbidden to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day. If one does slaughter both on the same day, the second one cannot be used as a sacrifice (see Hullin, chapter five). However, a priest and his son can both serve in the Temple on the same day.
A father with his son, It is forbidden to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day. If one does slaughter both on the same day, the second one cannot be used as a sacrifice (see Hullin, chapter five). However, a priest and his son can both serve in the Temple on the same day.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ויוצא דופן – that they tore open its mother and removed it while living. With an animal, it is disqualified from being offered, for it is written (Leviticus 22:26): “[When an ox or a sheep or a goat] is born, [it shall stay seven days with its mother, and from the eighth day on it shall be acceptable as an offering by fire to the LORD],” excluding that which is born from the side (i.e., Caesarean birth). But with a Kohen who offers [having been born by Caesarean section], he is not disqualified though this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
A terefah; A terefah is an animal that has been wounded or is sick and is going to die from the wound or illness (see Hullin, chapter three). If a priest has the signs of being a terefah, he may still serve in the Temple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
הנושא נשים בעבירה – a Kohen who married a divorcee or the female’s issue of a priest’s illegitimate connection/ a priest’s wife illegitimately married to him or a prostitute unfit to marry a priest, he takes a vow and serves [in the Temple]. Even though he has not yet divorced [her], he is permitted to serve after he vowed that he will not benefit from her and she will not benefit from him until he divorces [her]. And he shall take the vow with the knowledge of the community which has no releasing [of the vow] other than for the performance of a Mitzvah. And we should not suspect lest he will go to a Sage and state that for the need of a particular Mitzvah, he asks of him that he should release him from his vow, for since we hold that a person who goes to release his vow must explain upon what he has taken a vow, certainly when the Sage heard that it was because she is a divorcee or a prostitute, that she is forbidden to him through a vow, he will not permit his vow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
One born by means of a caesarean section. An animal born through a caesarean section cannot be sacrificed, but a person born of a caesarean section can still serve in the Temple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
עד שיקבל עליו שלא יהא מיטמא למתים - here it is enough for him with acceptance, for we don’t force him to take a vow [of deriving benefit] like concerning the sinful marrying of [forbidden] women, because there, his [evil] inclination overpowers him, [whereas] here, regarding [corpse] defilement, his [evil] inclination does not overpower him. Therefore, with mere acceptance, it is sufficient for him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
One with which a sin has been committed or has killed a person; An animal with which a sin (such as a sexual sin) has been committed or an animal has killed a person cannot be offered as a sacrifice (see above 6:12). However, these do not disqualify a priest from serving in the Temple.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
A priest who contracts an illegal marriage is unfit [for the priesthood] until he vows not to derive any benefit from the woman. Leviticus 21 lists women whom a priest may not marry. If a priest marries such a woman he must divorce her. Marrying such a woman disqualifies him from serving at the altar until he takes a vow not to derive any more benefit from the marriage, neither sexually nor financially. Once he takes the vow he can serve again, even before he divorces her.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
One who makes himself unclean through contact with the dead is unfit, until he undertakes that he will no longer make himself unclean through the dead. A priest is forbidden from intentionally coming into contact with the dead, except for his seven close relatives. If a priest intentionally defiles himself by coming into contact with the dead, he cannot serve at the altar until he promises to stop doing so. In this case, he need not take a vow, probably because it is less tempting for him to continue to defile himself, then it is for him to continue to be with his prohibited woman.
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