Trois choses sont autorisées par R. Elazar b. Azaryah et interdite par les sages: sa vache est sortie (sur yom tov) avec la sangle [décorative] entre ses cornes. Et les sages l'interdisent. [Ils considèrent cela comme un fardeau et non comme une décoration. (Ce n'était pas la vache de R. Elazar b. Azaryah, mais celle de son voisin. Parce qu'il n'a pas protesté, cependant, il est appelé par son nom.)] Il est permis de curry un animal sur yom tov [avec un peigne en fer à petites dents, même si on en fait des plaies.] Et il est permis de moudre les poivrons dans leur [petit] moulin [conçu à cet effet]. R. Yehudah dit: Il est interdit de curry un animal sur yom tov, car il fait des plaies; mais peigner un animal [avec un peigne en bois à grandes dents, qui ne fait pas de plaies] est autorisé. Et les sages disent: Le curry et le peignage sont interdits, [le peignage étant décrété contre en raison du currying. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Elazar b. Azaryah dans (toutes) ces trois choses, mais seulement en ce qui concerne le curry d'un animal. Car il est cohérent en cela avec R. Shimon, qui dit qu '"une chose involontaire (comme faire une plaie) est autorisée". Et nous gouvernons en accord avec lui. Les sages qui diffèrent de lui soutiennent avec R. Yehudah qu'une chose involontaire est interdite. Et ce n'est pas la halakha.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
פרתו יוצאה ברצועה שבין קרניה – for beauty/adornment. And the Sages stated that it is a burden and is not a decoration for it. And it was not the cow of Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah but that of his neighbor, and since they did not protest, it was called as associated with him.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
Mishnah twelve contains three cases where Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah was more lenient than the other Sages. We should note that not all of these sections deal with the laws of Yom Tov.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ומקרדין ביו"ט – like a small bronze saw whose teeth are thin and which rubs and scratches the animal, and even though it makes a wound.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah allows three things and the Sages forbid them: His cow used to go out with the strap which she had between her horns; It is forbidden to carry things in the public domain on Shabbat. This is true even for a person’s animal, since it is forbidden to make one’s animal perform work on the Sabbath. Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah allowed his cow to go out with a strap between its horns, since this strap was only an adornment and therefore he did not consider it “work”. In the same way a person can wear clothing in the public domain and that is not considered carrying. However, the Sages forbid cows from carrying anything, since most cows do not do so. Furthermore, if others were to see this they would think that it is permitted for an animal to work on the Sabbath. (See also Shabbat 5:4).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ברחים שלהן – small which are made for this.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
One may curry cattle on a festival; Currying is a type of combing done with a sharp metal comb. Rabbi Eleazar permits a person to curry an animal on the festival, even though that might cause a wound. Rabbi Eleazar permits this since even if he does cause a wound he did not intend to do so and unintentionally performed work is permitted on Shabbat and Yom Tov.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
מקרצפין – with a wooden saw whose teeth are thick. But they don’t make a wound.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may grind pepper in its own mill. Rabbi Elazar holds that grinding pepper is permitted on Yom Tov because it is done in preparation of food, even if the grinding is done in a large mill. The sages however allow the grinding of pepper only in a small mill, one which will produce less ground pepper and that is easier.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אף לא מקרצפין – for we decree that currying with a strigil leads to scratching (which causes a wound). But the Halakah is not according to Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah in these three matters, but rather, we scrape/curry the animal only, because in this we confirm the approach of Rabbi Shimon who said that a thing in which we don’t have an intention is permitted, and we hold according to him. But the Sages dispute this as they hold like Rabbi Yehuda who stated that a thing which was not intended is prohibited, but this is not the Halakha.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Rabbi Judah says: one may not curry cattle on a festival, because it may cause a wound, but one may comb them. Rabbi Judah states that currying is forbidden since it will cause a wound, but combing with a wooden comb is permitted since it will not cause a wound.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
But the Sages say: one may not curry them, and one may not even comb them. The Sages rule even more strictly. Even combing is forbidden, lest by permitting combing one might assume that currying is also permitted.
