En trois points, R. Gamliel adopte le point de vue strict, selon la décision de Beth Shammai: La nourriture chaude ne peut pas être stockée (pour être gardée au chaud) de yom tov au shabbath. [Pour Beth Shammai, soutenez que l'on ne peut pas cuire (sur yom tov) à moins d'avoir fait un eruv avec un pain, et il ne peut pas cuisiner à moins d'avoir fait un eruv avec un plat (cuit), et il ne peut pas stocker de nourriture ( à garder au chaud) à moins qu'il n'ait conservé de la nourriture chaude de yom à la veille. Et Beth Hillel soutient que l'on peut faire cuire et cuisiner et stocker uniquement sur un eruv de nourriture cuite. Cependant, dans la gemara, il est indiqué que Beth Hillel a également besoin de pain et de viande. Et ceci est la halakha.] Et une menorah n'est pas établie sur yom tov. Si une menorah de sections liées se désintègre, elle n'est pas reconstituée; car c'est comme construire, et le «bâtiment» (interdit) s'obtient avec des vaisseaux. Et Beth Hillel soutient que «la construction» ne s'obtient pas avec des vases.] Et les pains ne sont pas cuits épais (sur yom tov), mais minces. [Beth Shammai soutient qu'il est interdit de faire cuire du gros pain sur yom tov, et Beth Hillel soutient que c'est permis, car quand il est grand, il cuit mieux.] R. Gamliel a dit: "Tous les jours de la maison de mon père, ils n'ont jamais cuit de pains épais mais seulement des pains fins. Ils ont répondu: "Que pouvons-nous faire pour la maison de votre père, qui était stricte avec eux-mêmes et indulgente avec tout Israël, leur permettant de faire cuire des pains épais et du chori [un gros morceau de pâte cuit sur des charbons, nécessitant beaucoup d'éclairage, pour les charbons continuez à sortir, et l'effort est impliqué. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Gamliel en ce qui concerne toutes ses strictes selon Beth Shammai.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אין טומנין את החמין מיו"ט לשבת – for the School of Shammai holds that one does not bake other than if one made an Eruv with bread, and we don’t cook other than if he made an Eruv on the cooked dish, and we don’t put warm dishes in the chafing stove other than if he had warm dishes placed there from the eve of the Festival day. But the School of Hillel holds that we bake and cook and keep dishes warm for the Sabbath on the Eruv of the cooked dish alone. However, in the Gemara (Talmud Betzah 22a), it is proven that the School of Hillel also requires bread and meat and that is the Halakha.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
Mishnah six contains three cases in which Rabban Gamaliel ruled like Beth Shammai in connection with the laws of Yom Tov. This mishnah is also found in its entirety in tractate Eduyot 3:10.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ואין זוקפין מנורה – [ put together a candlestick] when its pieces can be taken apart, and we don’t restore them for that is similar to [the prohibition of] “building,” for there is building for utensils. But the School of Hillel holds that there is no building with utensils.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
This mishnah lists three cases in which Rabban Gamaliel ruled strictly, as had Bet Shammai. Although later Sages generally ruled like Beth Hillel, there were some exceptions, and some of those are listed in our mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
גריצין – thick loaves
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
In three cases Rabban Gamaliel was strict like the words of Beth Shammai. One may not cover up hot food on Yom Tov for Shabbat; As we learned above, it is forbidden to prepare food on Yom Tov for Shabbat, since that would be considered an insult to the honor of the festival. In our mishnah we learn that Bet Shammai and Rabban Gamaliel prohibit one from hiding food in a warm place to preserve its heat for Shabbat (see Shabbat 4:1). This is true even if he made an “eruv tavshilin” because in this case everyone can tell that he is putting food aside just for Shabbat. In contrast, when one cooks, one might be cooking to eat the food on Yom Tov. Bet Hillel would allow one to put food in something that preserves its warmth. For a somewhat different explanation see my commentary on Eduyou 3:10.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אלא רקיקין – thin loaves, for the School of Shammai holds that one does make a great deal of bread on the Festival Day because of the effort involved. But the School of Hillel holds that we bake a great deal of bread on the Festival day, for at the time that the bread is plentiful, it bakes well.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may not join together a lamp on a festival; The Talmud explains that this is a case where a lamp made of several parts breaks on Yom Tov. Rabban Gamaliel forbids one to fix it, since this is a type of “building” which is forbidden on the Sabbath. Beth Hillel holds that there is no prohibition of “building” with regards to erecting vessels, and therefore this is permitted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
וחרי – a large piece of dough that is baked upon coals, because it requires a large flame where the coals are continuously dimming/quenching, and there is great effort. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Gamaliel where he is stringent like the words of the School of Shammai.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may not bake [on Yom] thick loaves but only wafer-cakes. Rabban Gamaliel holds that it is forbidden to bake large loaves on Yom Tov, and that only thin loaves are permitted. This is meant to prevent one from making too much bread on the festival, lest he make some for after the festival. Beth Hillel holds that it is permitted to bake large loaves, since bread cooks better when the oven is full. Furthermore, Bet Hillel in general is far more lenient when it comes to cooking on Yom Tov.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Rabban Gamaliel said: “In all their days, my father’s house never baked large loaves but only wafer-cakes.” They said to him: “What can we do with regards to your father’s house, for they were strict in respect to themselves but were lenient towards Israel to let them bake both large loaves and even charcoal-roasted loaves.” The final section of the mishnah contains some interaction between Rabban Gamaliel and the other sages, who hold like Beth Hillel. Rabban Gamaliel testifies that his father’s house indeed acted in this manner, and only baked wafer-cakes on the festival. The other sages accept this testimony of Rabban Gamaliel as being an accurate description of what Rabban Gamaliel’s father’s house used to do, but they understand its significance differently. The sages say that Rabban Gamaliel’s father’s house was strict upon themselves, but allowed the rest of Israel to cook large loaves, even charcoal roasted loaves which are very difficult to make. The strict actions of Rabban Gamaliel’s father’s house were only meant for themselves and were not meant to set precedent for everyone else.
