אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בְּהוֹלְכֵי לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. הוֹלֵךְ וְאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה, שְׂכַר הֲלִיכָה בְיָדוֹ. עוֹשֶׂה וְאֵינוֹ הוֹלֵךְ, שְׂכַר מַעֲשֶׂה בְיָדוֹ. הוֹלֵךְ וְעוֹשֶׂה, חָסִיד. לֹא הוֹלֵךְ וְלֹא עוֹשֶׂה, רָשָׁע:
Il y a quatre middoth pour aller à la maison d'étude: aller mais ne pas faire [c'est-à-dire aller à la maison d'étude pour écouter, mais ne pas revoir son apprentissage et ne pas comprendre] —la récompense du départ est entre ses mains; faire [c.-à-d. apprendre et réviser dans son étude à la maison], mais ne pas y aller—la récompense de faire est dans sa main; aller et faire—un chasid; ne pas aller et ne pas faire— un méchant.
Bartenura
[One who] goes but does not do: He goes to the House of Study to listen but he does not review and study and does not understand.
Rambam
His saying, "among those who go to the House of Study," meaning to say, in the going to the House of Study, there are four traits. Observe how he called the one that proliferates acquisition of virtues a pious man, and the one who is lazy in [their] acquisition, evil.
Tosafot Yom Tov
AND DOES NOT DO. Rav: and does not review(,) and learn(s) and does not understand. We can explain his language thus: “he hears and does not review, or he learns but does not understand.” Alternatively, we can explain his comment as “he hears and does not review, nor does he learn, nor does he understand.” This seems to be the case, based on his comment on the end of the mishna,229There, Rav puts “learn” and “review” together in the definition of “do”. where this all seems to be one thing. And because he does not learn, he does not understand. Midrash Shmuel, in reproducing the Rav’s comment, writes “for he does not learn and does not understand.”