Commentaire sur Arakhin 9:6
עִיר שֶׁגַּגּוֹתֶיהָ חוֹמָתָהּ, וְשֶׁאֵינָהּ מֻקֶּפֶת חוֹמָה מִימוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן, אֵינָהּ כְּבָתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן בָּתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה, שָׁלשׁ חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁנֵי שְׁנֵי בָתִּים, מֻקָּפוֹת חוֹמָה מִימוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן, כְּגוֹן קַצְּרָה הַיְשָׁנָה שֶׁל צִפּוֹרִים, וְחַקְרָה שֶׁל גּוּשׁ חָלָב, וְיוֹדְפַת הַיְשָׁנָה, וְגַמְלָא, וּגְדוֹד, וְחָדִיד, וְאוֹנוֹ, וִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְכֵן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן:
Une ville dont les toits [semblent] former son mur, ou une ville qui n'était pas entourée par un mur à l'époque de Joshua ben Nun, n'est pas considérée comme des maisons dans une ville fortifiée. [Une maison dans l'un des] éléments suivants compte une maison dans une ville fortifiée: [celles dans une ville] d'au moins trois cours, ayant chacune deux maisons, qui ont été entourées par un mur à l'époque de Yehoshua bin Nun, comme l'ancien bastion de Tzippori, le fort de Gush-Halav, l'ancien Yodfat, Gamla, G'dod, Hadid, Ono, Jérusalem et d'autres villes similaires.
Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
שגגותיה חומותיה – that a wall did not surround it but rather houses surround and the immediate sequence of houses one next to the other are like a wall.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
Introduction
Houses in cities that are not surrounded by walls are not treated in the same way as house in walled cities. These are called houses in courtyards and we will the halakhot which govern them tomorrow. Our mishnah discusses what cities count as being walled.
Houses in cities that are not surrounded by walls are not treated in the same way as house in walled cities. These are called houses in courtyards and we will the halakhot which govern them tomorrow. Our mishnah discusses what cities count as being walled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אינה כבתי ערי חומה – for [the word] "חומה" /wall (see Leviticus 25:29: “if a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city”)is written and not that its roofs are its walls.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
A city whose roofs [look as if] they form its wall,
If the city does not really have a wall, but its houses are so close together that they look like a wall, it still does not count as a walled city.
If the city does not really have a wall, but its houses are so close together that they look like a wall, it still does not count as a walled city.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
ושאינה מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון – but that which is surrounded by a wall from the days of Joshua son of Nun even though it does not have a wall now, is judged like a dwelling house in a walled city. It is written as (Leviticus 27:30): " [הבית אשר-בעיר אשר-] לוא חומה" /the house in the walled city, with a full [letters] Vav and Alephs, that implies that it is his and implies not [his], meaning to say, it does not have it now, but it had a wall prior to this, therefore, it is also house that is permanently sold.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
Or that was not encompassed by a wall in the days of Joshua ben Nun, is not considered like houses in a walled city.
In order for a city to count as a walled city it has to have had a wall around it in the time of Joshua. In other words, the status of walled or not walled is determined by the status of the city when the land was first conquered and then divided up to the original tribes. This is probably because these laws refer to ancestral inheritance, and ancestral inheritance begins at the time of Joshua.
In order for a city to count as a walled city it has to have had a wall around it in the time of Joshua. In other words, the status of walled or not walled is determined by the status of the city when the land was first conquered and then divided up to the original tribes. This is probably because these laws refer to ancestral inheritance, and ancestral inheritance begins at the time of Joshua.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
שלש חצרות – that in each and every one [of the courtyards] is two houses, which is called a city.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
[A house in any of] the following counts a house in a walled city: [those in a city] of no less than three courtyards, having two houses each, which have been encompassed by a wall in the days of Joshua ben Nun, such as the old acroplis of Tzippori, the fort of Gush-Halav, old Yodfat, Gamla, G'dod, Hadid, Ono, Jerusalem and other similar cities.
In order to count as a walled city the city must fulfill two main conditions:
1) Firstly, it must be large enough to be considered a city. The mishnah requires the city to have at least three courtyards, each with two houses.
2) Second, the city has to have been surrounded by walls at the time of Joshua. There are eight such cities listed here. Tzippori and Yodfat are in the Lower Galilee, and Gush-Halav and Gamla are in the Upper Galilee. Gdod (or in other versions, Gdor) is on the other side of the Jordan and Hadid and Ono are in Judea, near Lod. Jerusalem, I am assuming, is familiar to everyone.
In order to count as a walled city the city must fulfill two main conditions:
1) Firstly, it must be large enough to be considered a city. The mishnah requires the city to have at least three courtyards, each with two houses.
2) Second, the city has to have been surrounded by walls at the time of Joshua. There are eight such cities listed here. Tzippori and Yodfat are in the Lower Galilee, and Gush-Halav and Gamla are in the Upper Galilee. Gdod (or in other versions, Gdor) is on the other side of the Jordan and Hadid and Ono are in Judea, near Lod. Jerusalem, I am assuming, is familiar to everyone.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
כגון קצרה – the name of a small city that was outside of Tsippori.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
וחקרא שבגוש חלב וכו' – all of these that are counted in our Mishnah, are known that they been walled [cities] from the time of Joshua son of Nun. But Jerusalem that is counted in our Mishnah, we hold that there is no permanently sold house in Jerusalem, therefore there is the opinion of one [Sage (Rav Ashi)] in the Gemara (Tractate Arakhin 32b), and this is not the holy Jerusalem where a house cannot be sold permanently, but there is another Jerusalem that was in the Land of Israel and it also was surrounded by a wall from the time of Joshua, and there was a house sold permanently in it like the rest of dwelling houses in a walled city.
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