Mesorat Hashas sobre Berajot 9:5

חַיָּב אָדָם לְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַטּוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו) וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יְיָ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ. בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ, בִּשְׁנֵי יְצָרֶיךָ, בְּיֵצֶר טוֹב וּבְיֵצֶר רָע. וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ. וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מָמוֹנֶךָ. דָּבָר אַחֵר בְּכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מִדָּה וּמִדָּה שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֵד לְךָ הֱוֵי מוֹדֶה לוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד. לֹא יָקֵל אָדָם אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ כְּנֶגֶד שַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקָּדָשִׁים. לֹא יִכָּנֵס לְהַר הַבַּיִת בְּמַקְלוֹ, וּבְמִנְעָלוֹ, וּבְפֻנְדָּתוֹ, וּבְאָבָק שֶׁעַל רַגְלָיו, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ קַפַּנְדַּרְיָא, וּרְקִיקָה מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר. כָּל חוֹתְמֵי בְרָכוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, וְאָמְרוּ, אֵין עוֹלָם אֶלָּא אֶחָד, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ אוֹמְרִים, מִן הָעוֹלָם וְעַד הָעוֹלָם. וְהִתְקִינוּ, שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם שׁוֹאֵל אֶת שְׁלוֹם חֲבֵרוֹ בַּשֵּׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (רות ב) וְהִנֵּה בֹעַז בָּא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם, וַיֹּאמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִים יְיָ עִמָּכֶם, וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ, יְבָרֶכְךָ יְיָ. וְאוֹמֵר (שופטים ו) יְיָ עִמְּךָ גִּבּוֹר הֶחָיִל. וְאוֹמֵר (משלי כג) אַל תָּבוּז כִּי זָקְנָה אִמֶּךָ. וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים קיט) עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ. רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר, הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ:

Uno debe bendecir al Señor por los enfermos tal como lo hace por los buenos. [Cuando bendice "dayan ha'emeth" para los enfermos, debe hacerlo con alegría y con bondad de corazón, tal como lo hace cuando bendice "hatov vehametiv 'para bien", a saber (Deuteronomio 6: 5: "Y amarás al Señor tu Dios con todo tu corazón y con toda tu alma y con todas tus fuerzas". "Con todo tu corazón".— con tus dos inclinaciones, el bien y el mal "" y con toda tu alma " —incluso si te quita el alma. "y con todas tus fuerzas"—con toda tu riqueza Otra interpretación: "con todas tus fuerzas [meodecha]"—Por cada medida (middah) que Él te dé (modelado), [ya sea para bien o para mal] agradézcale (modeh lo) en extremo (me'od me'od). Uno no puede deportarse mareado frente a la puerta oriental (del Templo) [fuera del Monte del Templo, en la pared inferior al pie del Templo hacia el este], ya que está alineado con el lugar santísimo. [Todas las puertas estaban alineadas entre sí: la puerta oriental, la puerta del ezrath nashim, la puerta del ezrath Israel, la entrada del Ullam, el santuario y el lugar santísimo.—en los días del primer Templo.] Uno no puede entrar al Monte del Templo con su bastón, su zapato, su punda [un cinturón hueco donde se guarda el dinero. Otra interpretación: una prenda que se usa en la carne para absorber el sudor para que no ensucie las otras prendas. Es degradante para uno salir solo con esa prenda.], Y con el polvo en los pies. Y no debe hacerlo kapandaria [entrar por esa entrada y salir por la opuesta, acortando así la distancia. "kapandaria" - "ademakifna dari, a'ol beha", es decir, "En lugar de recorrer filas de casas, (acortaré mi caminata y) entraré aquí"]. Y escupir [está prohibido en el Monte del Templo] un fortioti [ de zapatos, a saber: si el uso de zapatos, que no es un acto degradante, está prohibido allí, ¡cuánto más, escupir, que es un acto degradante!] Todos (líderes de oración) en el Templo cerrarían las bendiciones con " del mundo "[El líder de oración dice al final de cada bendición:" Bienaventurado el Señor el Di-s de Israel desde el mundo hasta el mundo, el Otorgante del conocimiento "; y así con todos. Y los que responden dicen: "Bendito es el nombre de la gloria de su reino para siempre". Porque "Amén" no es respondido después de cada bendición en el Templo, está escrito (Nechemiah 9: 5): "Levántate y bendice al Señor tu Di-s desde el mundo hasta el mundo", y luego (Ibid.): "Y bendecirán el nombre de tu gloria". Es decir, responden: "Bendito es el nombre de la gloria de su reino para siempre". Y aquí nos informan que en el primer Templo solo dijeron: "Bienaventurado el Di-s de Israel del mundo", y nada más. No dijeron: "hasta el mundo".] Cuando los herejes, [que no creen en la resurrección] distorsionaron esto, [diciendo: No hay mundo sino este], ellos [Ezra y su Bet-din] instituyeron que dicen: "desde el mundo hasta el mundo" [es decir, hay dos mundos, este mundo y el mundo por venir.] Y instituyeron que uno saludara a su prójimo en el nombre [del Señor, esto no es considerado como denigrante el honor del Señor por el honor de los hombres, "tomando" el nombre del Señor por su bien]. Porque está escrito (Rut 2: 4): "Y he aquí, vino Booz, de Belén, y dijo a los cosechadores: 'El Señor esté contigo', y ellos le dijeron: 'El Señor te bendiga '"y (Jueces 6:12):" Y él (el ángel) le dijo (Gedeón):' ¡Que el Señor esté contigo, oh hombre de valor! "y (Proverbios 23:22) : "No desprecies el ki zakna imecha" y (Salmos 119: 126): "Es hora de actuar por el Señor; han anulado tu Torá", que R. Nathan expuso: "Han anulado tu Torá en un tiempo de actuar para el L-rd ". [Si se afirma que Booz usó esta bendición por su propia voluntad y que esto no puede tomarse como un precedente, esto es negado por el ángel que le dice a Gedeón: "El Señor esté contigo, oh hombre de valor". Y si se afirma que el ángel no lo dice a modo de saludo, sino que lo informa por la embajada del Señor, que la Shejiná está con él, de modo que tampoco puede servir de precedente.—esto es contrarrestado por: "No desprecies ki zakna imecha", es decir: No desprecies a Booz, diciendo que actuó por su propia voluntad; pero aprende miziknei umathecha ("los ancianos de tu pueblo"). Tiene autoridad para responder, a saber: "Es hora de actuar por el Señor; han anulado su Torá", que R. Nathan interpretó, etc., es decir: a veces las palabras de la Torá se anulan para actuar. para el L-rd.—como en el caso de un saludo a su compañero (en nombre del L-rd). Esto, de hecho, es la voluntad del Señor, a saber. (Salmos 34:15): "Busca la paz y síguela". Se permite "anular" la Torá y hacer algo que parece prohibido.]

Ruth Rabbah

“Behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem, and he said to the reapers: May the Lord be with you. They said to him: May the Lord bless you” (Ruth 2:4).
“Behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem” – Rabbi Tanḥuma said in the name of the Rabbis: There are three matters that the earthly court decreed and the supernal court agreed with them, and these are: To greet another with the name of God, the Scroll of Esther, and tithes. Greeting others, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “That think to cause My people to forget My name” (Jeremiah 23:27). When did they think to do so? It was during the days of Atalyahu. The Rabbis say: It was during the days of Ḥananya, Mishael, and Azarya. Rabbi Ḥananya said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon: It was during the days of Mordekhai and Esther. But Boaz and his court had arisen and instituted to greet another with the name of God, as it is stated: “Behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem, and he said to the reapers: May the Lord be with you.” Likewise, the angel said to Gideon: “The Lord is with you, mighty man of valor” (Judges 6:12).
The Scroll of Esther, from where is it derived? Rabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Yitzḥak: What did Mordekhai and Esther do? They wrote letters and sent them to all the residents of the Diaspora: Do you accept upon yourselves “to observe these two days” (Esther 9:27)? [The residents of the Diaspora] sent and said [in response]: Are our problems with Haman not enough, that you impose upon us to observe these two days?154They were afraid that their celebration would arouse the ill will of the gentiles. They said to them: If you are afraid of this matter, it is written among the volumes, as it is stated: “[All the acts of his power and his might, and the full account of the greatness of Mordekhai, how the king advanced him,] are they not written in the book of chronicles [of the kings of Media and Persia]?” (Esther 10:2). What did they do? They wrote a second letter and sent it to them, “this second letter of Purim” (Esther 9:29).
Rabbi Ḥelbo said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman: There were eighty-five elders, among them thirty-plus prophets who were distressed over this verse: “These are the commandments that the Lord commanded Moses” (Leviticus 27:34) – “these” [indicates that] one may not add and one may not subtract, and a prophet is not permitted to introduce anything new from now on; and Mordekhai and Esther are asking us to take upon ourselves something new? [They were distressed] until the Holy One blessed be He enlightened them and they found it written in the Torah, in the Prophets, and in the Writings:155They found an allusion to the writing of the book of Esther, and therefore were no longer concerned that the observance of Purim was considered a forbidden addition to the Torah. In the Torah, as it is written: “Write this as a memorial in the book” (Exodus 17:14). In the Prophets, as it is written: “They who feared the Lord spoke one with another; and the Lord heeded, and heard, and it was written in the book [of remembrance]” (Malachi 3:16). In the Writings, as it is written: “Are they not written in the book of chronicles” (Esther 10:2). Rav, Rabbi Ḥanina, Rabbi Yonatan, bar Kappara, and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: This scroll was not stated by the court,156It was not the court in the time of Mordekhai and Esther that first introduced the book of Esther. but rather was stated at Sinai, but there is no chronological order to the Torah.157Therefore, it does not appear in writing until the book of Esther. From where is it derived that the Holy One blessed be He agreed with them? Rav said: “The Jews fulfilled and received [vekibbelu]” (Esther 9:27), vekibbelu (pl.) is not written, vekibbel (sing.) is written; the master of the Jews received it.158The word vekibbelu is written without the concluding vav, such that it can be read in the singular. This is an allusion to the fact that Moses received it at Sinai.
Tithes, from where are they derived? It is as Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Keritzeppa: Due to the sin of [failing to separate] teruma and tithes, they were exiled. Shimon bar Abba said in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: When they were exiled they were exempted, and they obligated themselves. What did the members of the Great Assembly do? They wrote a scroll159Stating that they were obligating themselves to separate teruma and tithes even though they were exempt by Torah law. and unfurled it in the Temple courtyard, and in the morning they found it signed; that is what is written: “For all this we make a covenant, and write it, and it is signed” (Nehemiah 10:1). One verse says: “It is signed [al heḥatum (sing.)]” (Nehemiah 10:1), and one verse says: “It is signed [al haḥatumim (pl.)]” (Nehemiah 10:2). How so? Rather, al heḥatum is the supernal court, and al haḥatumim is the earthly court. Some say, the proscription of Jericho as well:160Following the capture of Jericho, Joshua declared all its spoils proscribed. So said the Holy One blessed be He to Joshua: “Israel has sinned [and they have even transgressed My covenant; they have also taken from the proscribed spoils]” (Joshua 7:11). Was it not Joshua who issued the decree? This teaches that the Holy One blessed be He, too, agreed with him.161When one of the Israelites took from the spoils, God said that they had “transgressed My covenant.”
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Sifra

9) Which is "fear"? One should not enter the Temple Mount with his staff and with his traveling bag, with his shoes, with his money-belt, and with the dust on his feet; and he must not make a short-cut of it — and, it goes without saying, he must not spit in it.
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Makkot

What does [the baraisa mean with] "And it also said"? That if you will attemp to say that Boaz was acting from his own intuitiuon, but Heaven did agree with him, then come and learn, "And he said 'Hashem is with you, man of valor'.".
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