Comentario sobre Zevahim 10:8
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, אִם רָאִיתָ שֶׁמֶן שֶׁהוּא מִתְחַלֵּק בָּעֲזָרָה, אֵין אַתָּה צָרִיךְ לִשְׁאוֹל מַה הוּא, אֶלָּא מוֹתַר רְקִיקֵי מִנְחוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹג שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל מְצֹרָע. אִם רָאִיתָ שֶׁמֶן שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל גַּבֵּי הָאִשִּׁים, אֵין אַתָּה צָרִיךְ לִשְׁאוֹל מַה הוּא, אֶלָּא מוֹתַר רְקִיקֵי מִנְחוֹת כֹּהֲנִים, וּמִנְחַת כֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ. שֶׁאֵין מִתְנַדְּבִים שָׁמֶן. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִתְנַדְּבִים שָׁמֶן:
El rabino Shimon dijo: Si ve que el petróleo se distribuye en la corte del Templo, no necesita preguntar qué es: es el resto de las obleas de las ofrendas de comida de los israelitas, o un [resto de] un Log [una unidad bíblica de medición líquida] de aceite de una Metzora . Si ve aceite derramado sobre los fuegos, no necesita preguntar qué es: es el resto de las obleas de las ofrendas de comida de los sacerdotes, o la ofrenda de comida del sumo sacerdote ungido. [Esto se debe a] que las personas no pueden donar petróleo [solo]. El rabino Tarfon dice: [las personas pueden] donar petróleo [solo].
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
שהוא מתחלק – [distributed] for the consumption by the Kohanim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Introduction
In this mishnah Rabbi Shimon points out how one could identify what type of oil is being divided up by the priests in the Temple courtyard and what type of oil is being burned in order to remove it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
מותר רקיקי מנחת ישראל – the meal-offering of something baked from which comes loaves and wafers. Loaves that are kneaded with oil and wafers that are rubbed with oil, and Rabbi Shimon said in Tractate Menahot [75a] like the [Greek] letter KI (the Greek KAF – which is an “X”), and the rest of the oil is consumed by the Kohanim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Rabbi Shimon said: if you see oil being divided in the Temple courtyard, you don’t need to ask what it is for, for it is the remnant of oil of the wafers of the Israelite’s meal-offerings, or of the metzora’s log of oil. The extra oil used to anoint the meal offering brought by an Israelite goes to the priests. The “wafers of the Israelite’s meal-offerings” refers to a type of meal offering that is either brought as loaves soaked with oil or as wafers that have been dabbed with oil (see Leviticus 2:4: we will learn a lot more about the meal-offering, the minhah, in tractate Menahot). The remnant of the oil brought by the metzora (a person afflicted with scale disease, see Leviticus 14:15) also belongs to the priest. This oil is brought in a vessel and used among other things to anoint the metzora. What is leftover, the priest gets to keep.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
מותר רקיקי מנחת כהנים – for the meal offering of the Kohanim is completely burned, the oil that floats on top of it and the remnant that is not absorbed in it, they burn it separately.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
If you see oil being poured on to the fires, you don’t need not ask what it is for, for it is the remnant of the oil of the wafers of priests’ meal-offerings, or of the anointed priest's meal-offering; for one cannot voluntarily offer offer oil [alone]. Rabbi Shimon now explains what oil doesn’t go to the priest and instead is poured out onto the altar. If the priest is bringing the minhah (meal) offering, then neither he nor any other priest gets to keep the oil. All of this meal offering, and all of the oil, is burned. The high priest (the anointed priest) offers a minhah offering every day. The remnant of this oil does not go to the priests, but rather is burned.. A person cannot voluntarily offer just oil. Therefore, any oil that one sees in the Temple being either divided up among the priests or burned on the altar cannot come from a voluntary offering. This line comes to explain how one knows that the oil being divided up among the priests or burned on the altar is not from a voluntary offering oil simply cannot be brought alone as a voluntary offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ומותר מנחת כהן המשיח – for its oil is greater, three LOG for a tenth of an Ephah, and since it is baked first, its oil is not absorbed in its broken pieces and the remnant/remainder needs to be offered up separately.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Rabbi Tarfon say: oil can be voluntarily offered [alone]. Rabbi Tarfon disagrees and holds that oil can be brought as an individual offering. Therefore, if one sees oil being divided or burned it might also come from such an offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
שאין מתנדבים שמן – therefore, it should not occur to you that the oil is distributed or that which is offered up as incense is a free-will offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
ר' טרפון אומר מתנדבים שמן – separately. And not less than a LOG, and it is burned separately. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Tarfon. And similarly, the Halakah is that they offer wine as a free-will offering separately, and they do not offer less than three LOG, and they toss/sprinkle it on top of the altar fires and it is burned there. But even though he puts out the fire of the pile of wood on the altar of the Temple, and the All-Merciful stated (Leviticus 6:6): “[A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar,] not to go out,” since he does not intend to put it out, it is permitted, for we hold like Rabbi Shimon that a thig that is not intended is permitted, and it is not an inevitable consequence. For it is possible that the fire will be large and strong and will prevail over the wine and not be put out.
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