Comentario sobre Zevahim 10:4
הָעוֹפוֹת קוֹדְמִין לַמְּנָחוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מִינֵי דָמִים. מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא קוֹדֶמֶת לְמִנְחַת נְדָבָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא בָאָה עַל חֵטְא. חַטַּאת הָעוֹף קוֹדֶמֶת לְעוֹלַת הָעוֹף. וְכֵן בְּהֶקְדֵּשָׁהּ:
Las ofrendas de aves preceden a Menachot [ofrendas de comida] porque son un tipo de ofrenda de sangre. El Chattat de harina precede a la ofrenda voluntaria de comida porque viene [a expiar] por un pecado. El Chattat de un pájaro precede al Olah de un pájaro, al igual que la consagración [de la ofrenda por el pecado de un pájaro precede a la de un Olah ].
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
שהן מיני דמים (they produce blood for atonement) – and [different] kinds of blood their atonement is great.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Birds precede meal-offerings (, because they are blood sacrifices. Meal-offerings are offered by the very, very poor, those who can’t even offer a bird (see Leviticus 5:11). Hence, a bird-offering precedes them. Also, the blood of a bird-offering is sprinkled on the altar, and there is obviously no blood to the meal-offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
חטאת העוף קודמת לעולת העוף – as it is written (Leviticus 5:8): “[He shall bring them to the priest,] who shall offer first the one for the purification offering (i.e., sin-offering), [pinching its head at the nape without severing it],” he built an analogy based upon induction/בנין אב for all sin-offerings that precedes a burnt offering whether for cattle or for birds (see Tractate Zevakhim 90a).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
A sinner’s meal-offering precedes a voluntary meal-offering, because it comes on account of sin. The sinner’s meal offering (Leviticus 5:11) is brought to atone for certain sins, either various false oaths or bringing defilement into the Temple. It precedes the voluntary meal-offering because it atones, whereas the voluntary meal-offering does not atone for any sin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
וכן להקדשה – when he dedicates its nest, which is two doves or two pigeons, he calls first for the sin-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
A hatat of a bird precedes an olah of a bird. The rabbis derive from Leviticus 5:8 that the hatat takes precedence over the olah. Note that in 10:2 the mishnah stated that parts of the olah take place to parts of the hatat. That was in reference to parts of animal sacrifices. When it comes to the whole sacrifice, the hatat takes precedence.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
And it is likewise when he dedicates them. When a person brings a bird offering as a hatat, he also brings one bird as on olah (Leviticus 5:7). When he separates them and declares which is the hatat and which is the olah, he must first designate the hatat and then the olah.
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