Comentario sobre Yoma 4:1
טָרַף בַּקַּלְפִּי וְהֶעֱלָה שְׁנֵי גוֹרָלוֹת. אֶחָד כָּתוּב עָלָיו לַשֵּׁם וְאֶחָד כָּתוּב עָלָיו לַעֲזָאזֵל. הַסְּגָן בִּימִינוֹ וְרֹאשׁ בֵּית אָב מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ. אִם שֶׁל שֵׁם עָלָה בִימִינוֹ, הַסְּגָן אוֹמֵר לוֹ, אִישִׁי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, הַגְבֵּהַּ יְמִינֶךָ. וְאִם שֶׁל שֵׁם עָלָה בִשְׂמֹאלוֹ, רֹאשׁ בֵּית אָב אוֹמֵר לוֹ, אִישִׁי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, הַגְּבֵּהַּ שְׂמֹאלֶךָ. נְתָנוֹ עַל שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִים וְאוֹמֵר, לַיְיָ חַטָּאת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חַטָּאת, אֶלָּא לַיְיָ. וְהֵן עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו, בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד:
Sacudió el kalpi [Lo sacudió y arrebató una boleta rápidamente del kalpi (ver 3: 9). ¿Por qué "arrebatar"? Para que él no "sienta" deliberadamente la boleta con el nombre (de L-rd) y la tome en su mano derecha (siendo un signo auspicioso cuando apareció en su mano derecha)]. Y sacó dos boletas, [una en su mano derecha; el otro a su izquierda. Las cabras se paran, una en su lado derecho; el otro a su izquierda. Coloca la boleta que apareció en su mano derecha en la cabra derecha, y la boleta que salió en su mano izquierda en la cabra izquierda.] En una de ellas (las boletas) estaba escrito: "a el L-rd ", y por el otro:" a Azazel ". El sumo sacerdote ayudante estaba de pie en su mano derecha, y el jefe de la casa patriarcal, a su izquierda. Si la boleta para el L-rd aparece en su mano derecha, el sumo sacerdote adjunto le dice: "Mi señor, sumo sacerdote, levanta tu mano derecha". Y si la boleta electoral para el L-rd aparece en su mano izquierda, el jefe de la casa patriarcal le dice: "Mi señor, sumo sacerdote, levanta tu mano izquierda". Coloca las papeletas en las dos cabras y dice: "Para el Señor, una ofrenda por el pecado". [Pronunció el tetragrammaton tal como está escrito.] R. Yishmael dice: No necesitaba decir: "una ofrenda por el pecado", sino solo: "Al Señor". [La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Yishmael.] Y ellos respondían después de él [cuando pronunciaba el Nombre]: "Bendito es el nombre de la gloria de Su reino para siempre".
Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
The deputy high priest was at his right hand, the head of the [ministering] family at his left.
If the lot “For the Name” came up in his right hand, the deputy high priest would say to him: “Sir, high priest, raise your right hand!” And if the lot “For the Name” came up in his left hand, the head of the family would say: “Sir high priest, raise your left hand!”
Then he placed them on the two goats and said: “A sin-offering for the Lord!” Rabbi Ishmael said: he did not need to say, “a sin-offering”, but just “for the Lord.”
And they answered after him: “Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever!”
After a brief digression, the mishnah returns to discuss the main subject at hand the Yom Kippur procedure. We left off in mishnah nine with the high priest standing next to the urn in which were placed the two lots for the two goats.
Section one: The high priest would then shake the urn to mix up the two lots. The reason to mix them up was that it was considered good luck for the lot on which was written God’s name to come up in his right hand. On one of the lots was inscribed God’s name, but the mishnah chooses again to use “the Name” instead of God’s four letter name. This goat would be sacrificed. The other lot had written on it “For Azazel” this goat would be sent to the wilderness.
Section two: This was already described above in 3:9.
Section three: Whoever was on the hand of the high priest which had brought up the lot “For the Name” would tell the High Priest to raise that hand so that the people would know which goat was going where.
Section four: Then he would place the lots on the two goats. He would place he lot which came up in his right hand on the goat on the right and the one in his left hand on the goat on the left. When placing the lot upon which was inscribed “For the Name” he would call out “A sin-offering to the Lord”, or according to Rabbi Ishmael just “For the Lord.” Upon hearing God’s holy name the priests and Israelites observing the ceremony would cry out “Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever” the same response we saw above in 3:8.