Comentario sobre Yadayim 2:3
הַיָּדַיִם מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמִטַּהֲרוֹת עַד הַפֶּרֶק. כֵּיצַד. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים עַד הַפֶּרֶק, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק, וְחָזְרוּ לַיָּד, טְהוֹרָה. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים חוּץ לַפֶּרֶק וְחָזְרוּ לַיָּד, טְמֵאָה. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לְיָדוֹ אַחַת וְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, טְמֵאוֹת. נָטַל אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים לִשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו וְנִמְלַךְ וְנָטַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיִּים לְיָדוֹ אַחַת, יָדוֹ טְהוֹרָה. נָטַל לְיָדוֹ אַחַת וְשִׁפְשְׁפָהּ בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. בְּרֹאשׁוֹ אוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. נוֹטְלִין אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה זֶה בְצַד זֶה אוֹ זֶה עַל גַּבֵּי זֶה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּרַפּוּ שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם הַמָּיִם:
Las manos pueden quedar impuras o puras hasta la muñeca. ¿Cómo es eso? Si uno vertió el primer [vertido] hasta la muñeca, y el segundo [vertido] más allá de la muñeca, y ellos [es decir, algunas de las aguas fluyeron hacia abajo] y volvieron corriendo a la mano, es puro. Si uno vertió el primero y el segundo [vertidos de agua] más allá de la muñeca y volvieron corriendo a la mano, es impuro. Si uno vierte el primero sobre una mano, y luego cambia de opinión y vierte el segundo sobre ambas manos, son impuras. Si uno vierte el primero sobre ambas manos, y luego cambia de opinión y vierte el segundo sobre una mano, su mano es pura. Si se vierte sobre una mano y luego se frota contra su compañero [mano], es impuro. Si [uno lo frotó] contra la cabeza o contra la pared, es puro. Cuatro o cinco [personas] pueden verter [agua sobre sus manos para lavarlas] una al lado de la otra o [cuando sus manos están] una encima de la otra, siempre que estén sueltas, para que las aguas puedan entrar en ellas.
Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
חזרו ליד טהורה - for since the first [rinsing of the hands] did not go past the wrist, the second [rinsing of the hands] were not defiled through their going out beyond the rest But when the first [rinsing of the hands] and the second [rinsing of the hands] went out beyond the wrist and returned to the hand, it is defiled, because the second [rinsing of the hands] with the first that went beyond the wrist, for the second [rinsing of the hands] does not purify the first [that go forth] beyond the wrist, but rather only until the wrist alone they purify.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
Hands become unclean and are made clean as far as the joint. For matters of purity, the hand goes up to the "joint." There are two explanations of this. The first is the middle joint of the fingers and the second is the joint where the fingers join the hand. Below, I will simply use the word "joint."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
נטל את הראשונים לידו אחת – that he poured the first [rinsing of the hands] on each individual hand separately, and afterwards combined the two hands to pour upon them the second [rinsing of the hands], his hands are impure. For when he combined his hands, his hands wee defiled through their contact/touching one another, for eh water that was on this one defiles the water that was on top of its fellow [hand], like that they defiled a loaf of heave-offerings, and the hands were defiled on account of the impure liquids. But when he poured the second [rinsing of the hands], they did not purify the first [rinsing of the hands], because they were defiled on account of the waters of its partner, but on the contrary also the second [rinsing of the hands] were defiled by them. And especially when he poured the first [rinsing of the hands] this one (i.e., one hand) for itself and that one (i.e., the other hand) for itself, but if he poured the first [rinsing of the hands] for the two hands as one, the two hands are considered as one hand and hey don’t defile one another. Such is what I found as an explanation of this Mishnah in the explanations/commentaries of my Rabbis/Teachers. But Maimonides explained, that if he poured the first [rinsing of the hands] on only one hand alone, and afterwards combined both hands to pour upon them the second [rinsing of the hands], his hands are impure, for the second [rinsing of the hands] are defiled by the hand that was not purified, and they return and defile the pure hand.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
How so? If he poured the first water over the hands as far as the joint and poured the second water over the hands beyond the joint and the latter flowed back to the hands, the hands are clean. The mishnah now explains some ramifications of this ruling. If he pours water the first time over his hands as far as the joint and then the second time beyond the joint, and the second water goes back onto his hand, his hands are pure. This is because beyond the joint the hand is not impure. So the second water was not made impure by going beyond the joint.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
ושפשפה בחברתה (and rubbed his other hand) – that he had not poured [water upon to ritually cleanse], the water that was on it was defiled on account of the other hand that had not been poured upon, and they return and defile the hand that he poured [water upon].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If he poured the first and the second water over the hands beyond the joint and they flowed back to the hands, the hands remain unclean. In this case he pours both beyond the joint and then the water flows back onto his hands. His hands remain impure because the first water that went beyond the joint wasn't purified by the second water that was also beyond the joint, because this water is only purified when it is on the hand. When the water goes back it defiles his hand again.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
בראשו או בכותל – if he rubbed it on his head or on a wall in order to dry it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If he poured the first water over one of his hands and then changed his mind and poured the second water over both his hands, they are unclean. The mishnah now deals with a different subject one who changes his mind about how many hands to wash. If the first time he washes, he washes only one hand and then the second time he washes both hands and the water from the second hand goes on to the first hand, the first hand is defiled. This is because the water that went on the second hand was only there for the first time.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
טהורה – but if after he rubbed it he returned and touched the same water that had come from his hand to his head or to the wall, it is defiled.. For those waters are defiled and they return and defile the hand that touched them. Even though that all the while that he did not rub, they are [purified/ as we need to say] with the rubbing, for when he rubbed and went back and touched, he made it worse.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If he poured the first water over both his hands and then changed his mind and poured the second water over one of his hands, his one hand becomes clean. However, in the opposite case, where he first washed both hands and then only one, the one hand that was washed twice is pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
נוטלים ארבעה וחמשה זה בצד זה – and we don’t worry because of four things, because lest they were defiled that they (i.e., the water) fell from one hand to the other, or lest they have the law of water that work had been done with them, or because lest they didn’t pour from a vessel, or because perhaps they didn’t pour from one-quarter of a LOG.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If he poured water over one of his hands and rubbed it on the other hand it remains unclean. If he washes one hand (even twice) and then rubs it on the other, the water becomes impure on the second hand. This water then goes back and defiles the first hand.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yadayim
ובלבד שירפו (that they lie loosely) – that their hands [would lie loosely] so that there wouldn’t be an interposition/an intervening object there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
If he rubbed it on his head or on the wall it is clean. However, if he rubs his hands on his head or the wall, the water is not defiled. The water that then goes back onto his hands does not defile them again.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yadayim
Water may be poured over the hands of four or five persons, each hand being by the side of the other, or being one above the other, provided that the hands are held loosely so that the water flows between them. One can pour water over several people's hands at once and we are not concerned that one person's hands would defile another person's. The only important rule is that the hands shouldn't be tightly clenched with one another. Water must be allowed to flow in-between.
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