Comentario sobre Taanit 1:3
בִּשְׁלשָׁה בְמַרְחֶשְׁוָן שׁוֹאֲלִין אֶת הַגְּשָׁמִים. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּשִׁבְעָה בוֹ, חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם אַחַר הֶחָג, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ אַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לִנְהַר פְּרָת:
El tercer día de Mar-Cheshvan se deben rezar por la lluvia, pero según Rabbon Gamaliel, el séptimo del mismo mes, es decir, quince días después de la fiesta de los tabernáculos, para que los últimos israelitas pudieran haber alcanzado el río Eufrates
Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
בשלשה במרחשון שואלין את הגשמים – We recite “ and grant dew and rain for a blessing” in the blessing of the years (the ninth blessing of the Amidah on weekdays), and these words (of reciting the prayer “and grant dew and rain for a blessing”) are in the Land of Israel. But in the Diaspora, we don’t request [for rain] until sixth days from the autumnal equinox, and on the sixtieth day itself, we begin to pray for rain.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
Introduction
This mishnah teaches when we begin to ask for rain in the ninth blessing of the Amidah. We should note that at the very beginning of the rainy season we begin to mention rain but we do not yet ask for it. Later, when the rainy season should really begin in full force, we begin to ask for rain. In our prayers we slowly build up to really petitioning God for rain.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
האחרון שבישראל לנהר פרת – those who came up [to Jerusalem] for the festival [of Sukkot] who are returning to their homes, so that the rains don’t stop them [from traveling].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
On the third of Marheshvan they [begin to] ask for rain. The third of Marheshvan (today called Heshvan), the second month of the year, is when we begin to ask for rain. This is when the rainy season is supposed to begin.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
Rabban Gamaliel says: on the seventh, fifteen days after the Festival [of Sukkot] so that the last of the Jews reaches the river Euphrates. Rabban Gamaliel delays asking for rain until the seventh of Marheshvan, which gives pilgrims who were making their way back from Israel time to reach the river Euphrates in Babylonia. It would not be appropriate to begin to ask for rain while Jews were still returning from performing the important mitzvah of making a pilgrimage to the land of Israel and to the Temple in Jerusalem.
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